Vol 13, No 3 (2015)

In experiments on mice in 3 different models of acute exogenous hypoxia, 12 new substances concerning to a group of copper-containing physiologically compatible antioxidants were investigated. It was discovered that substances πQ262, πQ1077 А and πQ1079 А significantly increase lifetime of mice during development of all used variants of hypoxias. On the example of the most active agents in the studied group (πQ262, πQ1077 A, πQ1079 A) shows that their anti-hypoxic effect on the development of acute exogenous hypoxia is accompanied by a marked decrease in the standard of energy metabolism, as well as a significant inhibitory effect on the state of the cardio-respiratory system of experimental animals. The obtained results allow attributing such substances as πQ262, πQ1077 А and πQ1079 А to the antihypoxant group of metabolic action.

Intoxication with the carbon monoxide leads to the development the early and delayed neuropsychological impairments. Oxygen therapy is used usually as an antidote for the treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning. The synthetic analogues of endogenous peptides were shown to prevent the neuropsychological impairments. One of them is KK1, a tetrapeptide acetyl-(D-Lys)-Lys-Arg-Arg-amide, assessed as a structural analogue of corticotropine. The efficiency of the synthetic tetrapeptide KK1 for the prevention of the CNS delayed impairments after acute carbon monoxide poisoning has been evaluated in this study.

The Changes of membrane rest potential (RP), action potential (AP), impulse activity (IA) as well as sodium, calcium and potassium ionic currents in neurons of isolated central nervous system of the Planorbarius corneus mollusk (pedal ganglia) under the extracellular action of inhibitory amino acids GABA, glycine and β-alanine and their litium-containing derivatives (LCD) in 0.1, 1 and 5 mM concentrations have been studied using a microelectrode technique. They induced the same dose-dependent and irreversible depolarization of neurons on 2-10 mV accompanied by increase of AP frequency, prolongation of their duration and decrease of summmerized ionic currents (dV/dt). According to degree of depolarization, the drugs were placed in the following range in decreasing activity: compound 3 > compound 2 > compound 1. In identified pedal ganglion neurons (PPed1), compound 3 in contrast to other compounds induced hyperpolarization by 2-10 mV and blocked impulse activity. The amplitude of sodium and calcium channels was decreased by 7-15 %, in the same degree after application of all compounds exposed in concentration of 5 mM. Efflux potassium ionic currents were increased in dose-dependent manner and irreversibly about by 3-7 % assessed on amplitude indexes without changes in kinetic parameters after application of LCD. Therefore, the decrease of ionic current amplitudes was due to both depolarization of neurons and direct action of LCD on ionic channels. Thus, LCD possess membranotropic activity and can modulate functional state of neurons. In the study of chloride channels in cells culture of rat glioma C6 in vitro by patch-clamp method, GABA, glycine, β-alanine and their LCD 10 µM/l activated chloride channels, shifting equiliblium membrane potential of glioma cells from -90… -70 mV to -55... -60 mV. All compounds (transmitters and LCD) were placed in the following range: glycine > GABA > β-alanine and compound 1 > compound 3 > compound 2 according to descending activity. Therefore, the most active compounds activating Cl--channels were glycine and compound 1 (LCD). Glycine was shown to be coagonist GABA receptors and its litium salt possessed significant membranotropic activity.

The article presents the basic results of the theoretical analysis of currently available data on modern and future using of molecular genetic markers to determine predisposition to musculoskeletal system diseases in athletes and subsequent regenerative capacity of the organism. The basic genetic markers associated with athletes resistance to injuries are described. It has been shown that one of the most important factors is genetic predisposition to osteoporosis.