Vol 5, No 2 (2014)

Based on archival and published materials, the article describes the activity of an outstanding pediatrician and one of the founders of pediatrics in Russia K. A. Rauchfuss (1835-1915). His contribution to clinical pediatrics, training of pediatricians and the development of new children’s hospitals with regard to the age-related pathology, as well as the style of his management and principles of building relationship with colleagues, patients and their relatives is consi-dered. The role of K. A. Rauchfuss in the organization of the Children’s Hospital in Memory of Sacred Coronation of their Imperial Majesties (Saint-Petersburg, 1905) and his idea to open the Institute for the Protection of Motherhood and Infancy are highlighted. At present, the Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University is taking steps to commemorate the name of K. A. Rauchfuss, particularly to restore the memorial plaque that was put on the wall of one of the pavilions in 1909.

According to the results of recent scientific studies there is a strong evidence to characterize celiac disease as genetic disorder associated with antigens of major histocompatibility complex (MCH II) HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. Different loci of HLA molecules are encoded by specific alleles and their combination determines the individual risk of celiac disease formation. In this article authors discuss data on structure of DQ2 and DQ8 molecules, the frequency of different alleles detection in celiac patients and possible classification of genetic risk of celiac disease formation according to HLA-DQ genotype.

42 children at age from 1 to 15 years (36 - with relapse of congenital nasolacrimal duct (NLD ) stenosis and 6 - with canalicular stenosis) bougienage NLD was done with Ritleng stent intubation. The control group included 25 children 1-5 years old with relapsed congenital stenosis of the NLD, the treatment of which was limited to probing the NLD. In the first group full functional effect was observed in 21 children (58.3 %), in 9 (25.0 %) - was light epiphoria, in 1 (2.8 %) - moderate, and in 5 (13.9 % ) treatment was not effective. In the second group a full functional effect was obtained for each child. In the control group lacrimal drainage was restored fully in 16 (64.0 %) children, in 2 (8.0 %) - moderate and in 7 (28.0 %) - severe epiphora was remained. Using of silicone intubation with the Ritleng lacrimal system allows to continuously retain their foramen in stenotic site without causing an inflammatory response and bedsores lacrimal punctum and canaliculus.

The results of analysis of ecological situation and dynamics of statistics’ (Form 12) case rate at the allergic pathology of children aged 0-14 and 15-17 years in various regions of Russia in 2001-2011 are presented. During recent years analysis of atmospheric air conformity to Sanitary Legislation has been showing steady trend to decrease of quantity of samples exceeding hygienic standards both in the whole of RF and in federal regions. However, it was revealed that in more than 35 territories atmospheric air pollution reached level of 5 and more maximum permissible concentrations. Sanitary state of water reservoirs continues to remain unsatisfactory. The correlation of abundance of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis with ecological situation (level of impurity of air and water) of subjects of Russian Federation is established. During the rehabilitation of children with allergic diseases it is recommended to conduct improving of sanitary-and-hygienic indexes of environment, the durable monitoring of health and improvements taking into account complex influence of technogenic pollution on the organism of the child.

The possibility in principle of the conscious psychophysiological decreasing of the circadian rhythm disorders was researched in the example of intestinal tract evacuation function. The investigation was fulfilled in medical students by the way of additional informing them about chronophysiological regularity importance of defecation rhythm. It is shown that getting them this information promotes three basic effects: increasing the frequency of morning defecation rhythm; diminution the risk of the bradyenteria heavy-stage occurrence due increased probability of its modifying into more easy stages; significant elevation of the sleeping gratification.

Early congenital syphilis, in 60 % of cases, accompanied by a specific lesion of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations of neurosyphilis in newborns are usually absent. Diagnosis is based on serological examination of cerebrospinal fluid and MRI. The paper presents two cases of early syphilis with central nervous system.

А complex of biochemical, hematologic and physiologic parameters determine individual variability that should correlate with general resistance of the organism. Hypoxia, a universal pathologic process is recommended as a model for studying individual adaptation in ontogeny. Hypophysis-adrenals system (HAS) activity may produce decisive effect upon the organism’s response reactions’ trend. HAS activity changes with age. Parallel to these changes resistance to hypoxia also alters. This process is gender-dependant. Individual and group peculiarities of resistance to acute hypoxia at various ontogenic periods should be compared to HAS functional state at respective periods separately for males and females. These correlations would facilitate better understanding of resistance variability general mechanisms characteristic of individual and group levels.

Work is executed on faculty of normal physiology of Saint-Petersburg state pediatric medical University of the Ministry of health of Russia and St. Petersburg psycho-neurological dispensary N 1. Of the existing Arsenal of psychophysiological methods in this study, we used the original method of studying perception of auditory images and psychological analysis of the status of higher mental functions in patients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia and control group. With increasing levels of anxiety, both healthy subjects and in patients of any information provided may be assessed as important. In such circumstances, the inhibition processes touch flow reduced and insignificant background is estimated sick longer than healthy. Normal perception clean and noisy auditory images has high identifiability (95 %) and efficiency with latent period of 4.2-8.4 C. Taking into account time for вербализацию a decision and biologically significant effect on the perceived information, this time interval corresponds to the physiological norm. The effectiveness of the perception of auditory images in chronic psychopathology is within 40-75 %, and the latent period - within 11.2-24.3 with that 2.6-2.9 times exceeds the normative time of identification. Reduction in speed and efficiency of information-analytical activities in psychopathological disorders caused, apparently, by the decrease of the functional state of stem-reticular structures included in the first structural-functional Department of the auditory analyzer. The dependence of the quality of auditory-cognitive activity not only from the functional state of cortical fields, responsible for attention, perception, recognition, remembering, but also on the state of slightly-stem systems of the brain responsible tone and reactivity of the brain. Registered reliable link of functional reduce nonspecific brain systems in violation of the neurophysiological mechanisms of perception.

The aim is to identify the level of adaptive capacity anesthesiologists depending on the motivational orientation. Presented survey data 149 anesthesiologists. Testing was conducted on a multi-level personality questionnaire «Adaptability» and on the test Kuhl. The results showed that most physicians have high adaptive capacity, which is highly correlated with the motivational oriented under extreme conditions. The necessity of developing a program of psychological support to the development of non-motivational deficit.

The article presents a review of a former fishing village in the north of France, which became a national climatic resort that influenced a lot the sanatorium movement in Russia; it also portrays doctors and other leaders that played the crucial part in this process; a variety of factors with the following historic and medical analysis is given. Both climatic factors and the social background of the changes in the infrastructure that took place in the 2nd half of the 19th and in the beginning of the 20th century are appraised.

Women, elderly and children are those who suffer from wars more than the others. The misery increases in case they are prisoners of war. Women became war victims not only by having been wounded, seek, killed, imprisoned but also as they were driven to Germany as labor force. There they were met by hunger, torment and illnesses. The number of children to be repatriated in the late 1945 was more than 630 000, from which 22 000 were orphans. For the first time in the history of medicine there was organized and tested on practice the system of medical help and treatment pointed at women-repatriates and children, that allowed to save their lives, return them to the army and to work as well as to normal physiological activity.