Vol 97, No 6 (2016)

Aim. To study and evaluate changes in blood coagulation system in laparoscopic treatment of acute appendicitis in different pregnancy terms.

Methods. In a conducted study сhanges in blood coagulation system were evaluated in 75 pregnant women in different gestation periods who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy. Gestational age was from 4-5 to 35-36 weeks. Interventions were performed with the use of endovideosurgical complex «Olympus» OTV-SC. The pressure of carbon dioxide in the abdominal cavity was within 10-12 mm Hg. The indicators of blood coagulation system were evaluated with the use of automatic coagulometer «Amelung Coagulometr KC 4A» (Trinity Biotech, Ireland). For the diagnosis of intravascular coagulation D-dimer level in blood plasma was evaluated with immunoturbodimetric assay with latex-test «Tina-quant а D-Dimer» («Roche Diagnostics», USA) in the system «Roche/Hitachi Сobas c 6000». Fibrinolytic activity was evaluated with the use of M.A. Kotovschikova and B.I. Kuznik’s method.

Results. It was found that changes in hemostasis system during laparoscopic treatment of acute appendicitis in pregnant women indicate significant increase of blood coagulation potential, both before and after laparoscopic appendectomy. This state of blood clotting system can be regarded as adequate adaptive response to aggression, designed to reduce probable or actual bleeding.

Conclusion. Hemostasiologic indices during laparoscopic treatment of acute appendicitis in pregnancy are characterized by a significant intensification of the blood coagulation potential, however activation of the regulatory mechanisms of blood coagulation during endovideosurgical intervention is within the physiological norms; these changes are minimal, and laparoscopic appendectomy is the method of choice for pregnant women in different periods of gestation.

Aim. Analysis of the treatment results in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding with the use of endoscopic and surgical methods of hemostasis.

Methods. Analysis of the treatment results in 421 patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding from the urgent surgical department of City Clinical Hospital №7 of Kazan was conducted.

Results. Endoscopic methods of hemostasis in bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract (argon plasma coagulation, combined prolonged infiltration hemostasis with the use of 6% solution of polyglucin with mafusol, irrigation with the solution «Hemolab», ligation of the esophageal veins and Danis stent implantation) were applied to 404 patients. All patients simultaneously received conservative treatment. When using the methods of endoscopic hemostasis mentioned above in patients with bleeding from upper gastrointestinal tract the efficiency was achieved in 87.9% of cases. It was the highest when using combined endoscopic methods. Recurrent acute bleeding was diagnosed in 30 (7.1%) cases. Majority of the patients with recurrent bleeding suffered from gastric ulcer and/or duodenal ulcer (21 patients). In all 30 patients with recurrent bleeding surgical intervention with the author’s technique was performed.

Conclusion. The efficacy of endoscopic methods of hemostasis in bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract, especially their combined use, was revealed; differentiated approach to the use of endoscopic and surgical techniques of hemostasis depending on the source of bleeding and its intensity is required.

Aim. Assessment of approaches to the identification and treatment of headache in acute non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage for further study of this problem and optimization of analgesic therapy.

Methods. Medical records of 62 patients admitted to the hospital with acute non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 19 patients underwent X-ray guided endovascular occlusion under local anesthesia and 43 patients had their aneurysm clipped under general anesthesia. Quantitative assessment of headache with the use of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and qualitative assessment using McGill Pain Questionnaire were performed in all patients. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (dexketoprofen, paracetamol) and opioid analgesics were used for analgesia.

Results. It was found that the wide-spread approach to the relief of headaches in SAH is not effective enough that is especially evident from the results of the second group (average VAS score in group 1 was 4.7±2.9 versus 6.3±1.8 in group 2). Achieving adequate analgesia with opioids was accompanied with excessive sedation (Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale score was -1-2 points) complicating timely evaluation of neurological status. McGill Pain Questionnare data received and insufficient effect of the used treatment regimen allow us to suggest presence of neuropathic component of headache in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Conclusion. Conventional methods and regimens of headache treatment are not effective enough so it is necessary to analyze protocol variants for headache evaluation and adequate treatment regimens considering pathogenetic mechanisms of pain in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and the possibility of excessive sedation with opioid analgesics.

Aim. To study the state of the microbial landscape of intestinal contents and mucus in frequently ill children and practically healthy children.

Methods. 340 frequently ill children aged 6 months to 6 years and 125 practically healthy children (comparison group) were examined. Along with routine clinical and immunological studies bacteriological study of stool samples and throat swab was performed and polymerase chain reaction was applied to the swab.

Results. According to the results of bacteriological study of throat swab 195 (57.4%) children reported Staphylococcus aureus, 102 (30.0%) children - Staphylococcus epidermidis, 85 (25.0%) children - Streptococcus pneumoniae, 64 (18.8%) children - Haemophilus influenzae, 64 (18.8%) children - Klebsiella pneumoniae, 170 (50.0%) children - Candida albicans. PCR revealed Chlamydia pneumoniae in 53 (15.6%) children, Chlamydia trachomatis in 33 (9.7%) children, Mycoplasma pneumonia in 54 (15.9%) children, and Cytomegalovirus in 18 (5.3%) patients. Among frequently ill children in 67.6% of cases dysbiosis was observed with reduced number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and increase of opportunistic microorganisms, predominantly Staphylococcus aureus.

Conclusion. The microbiota of upper respiratory tract in frequently ill children in most cases contains Staphylococcus aureus; reduced number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and increase of opportunistic microorganisms were noted; correlation between severity of dysbiosis and immunoglobulin A level in blood was revealed.

Aim. Evaluate the data of elastography characteristic for the first signs of transient ischemia of lower limbs in diabetes foot syndrome.

Methods. In Kazan city clinical hospital №7 measurement of Young’s modulus of elasticity was performed in 12 patients with transient ischemia in diabetic foot syndrome. The methods and assessment of parameters typical for soft tissues of lower limbs we have developed earlier (patent «Method of elastography diagnosis of tissue changes in diabetic foot syndrome»). Color duplex scan of the arteries was performed according to standard method with the use of 5 to 10 MHz linear array probe starting from distal parts of limbs. Measurement of ultrasound density was performed with the use of shear wave elastography with 4 to 15 MHz wide-band linear probe. All parameters were measured in real time mode.

Results. Increase of elastomeric index (Young’s modulus of elasticity) to 23.74±2.34 kPa (93,49±1,26%) in the distal segment of the lower extremity (on the foot) is associated with development of transient disorders in the lower limbs in diabetic foot syndrome, which is not always detected with invasive methods of diagnosis.

Conclusion. Shear wave elastography is recommended for emergency medical care in diabetic foot syndrome; patients after being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes should dynamically monitor microcirculation of lower limbs that will decrease the risk of need of surgical treatment.

Aim. To study the peculiarities of placental structure and the state of utero-placental and fetal-placental blood flow in fetal growth restriction.

Methods. A prospective study of 50 pregnant women admitted to the department of pathology of pregnancy with fetal growth restriction followed by a retrospective analysis of the obtained data considering risk factors and clinical course of the pregnancy and the results of morphological examination of afterbirth. For the diagnosis of fetal growth restriction ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound of blood flow in the uterine arteries and umbilical artery, and cardiotocography were performed.

Results. The most informative sonographic markers of the critical state of the fetus in case of fetal growth restriction are abnormal blood flow indicators of «mother-placenta-fetus» system (critical blood flow disorder in uterine arteries and umbilical artery grade III, blood flow disorder in the medial cerebral artery of the fetus), and also significant hypamnion and changes in placenta combined with poor results of cardiotocography. Obtained data correlated with the results of morphological examination of aftherbirth. Impaired blood flow and significant hypamnion on ultrasound indicate acute placental insufficiency, suggest poor fetal condition, including antenatal death. Petrifaction, infarction and calcification on ultrasound point to chronic placental insufficiency and compensated fetal condition, and they correlate with more favorable perinatal outcomes.

Conclusion. The findings of the study demonstrated that ultrasound, Doppler, clinical laboratory and subsequent morphological examination provide very detailed information about the state of placental structure and need for urgent care.

Aim. Evaluation of markers of systemic inflammation in patients with chronic heart failure in comorbidity with chronic kidney disease.

Methods. The study included 188 patients with heart failure and kidney disease including control group (76 patients) with heart failure with preserved renal function aged 38 to 83 years (mean age 66.8±10.1 years), with the duration of heart failure of about 8 years. Quantitative measurement of C-reactive protein and proteins of blood serum and daily excretion of protein with urine were performed.

Results. Glomerular filtration rate in patients without renal pathology was 71.1±11.7 ml/min/1.73 m2, and in the group with heart failure associated with kidney dysfunction it was 51.5±19.1 ml/min/1.73 m2. C-reactive protein, γ-globulin, albumin and total serum protein in patients with chronic kidney disease differed from those in patients with heart failure without kidney damage.

Conclusion. C-reactive protein and γ-globulin in the serum significantly increase in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease and can be used as markers of cardiac as well as renal events.

Aim. To study diagnostic value of various diagnostic methods for patients with closed abdominal injury, to develop a diagnostic algorithm to make a reasonable conclusion about the amount and severity of injuries of the abdomen.

Methods. Various diagnostic methods used in closed abdominal injuries from 120 patients admitted to Surgical Department №2 of Kazan city clinical hospital №7 from 2007 to 2015 were analyzed. Majority of victims (65%) with closed abdominal trauma were males aged 20 to 50 years.

Results. Efficiency of diagnostic program for patients with closed abdominal injury used in clinical practice was studied. In a closed abdominal trauma, injury of abdominal organs was detected in 52.5% of patients. 71.4% of those injuries were isolated and 28.6% were concomitant. According to frequency of injuries liver took the first place 15 (23.8%), followed by spleen on the second place (14; 22.2%) and kidneys (12; 19.1%) and intestine (12; 19.1%) on the third, bladder on the fourth (7; 11.1%), and pancreas on the fifth place (3; 4.8%). Importance of radiological methods and laparoscopy was demonstrated. Clinical examination and laboratory diagnostic techniques allow making a timely diagnosis in only 40% of victims. Informativity of radiologic study was 64%. The accuracy of ultrasound in damaged kidneys was 100%, that in rupture of liver was 72%, of spleen, 69%, and of the intestine (0%). Diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopy was 98.9%.

Conclusion. Experience and extensive acquaintance with modern literature allowed the authors to present the algorithm of examination of patients with suspected closed abdominal trauma.

Aim. Evaluation of dimephosphone as a medication for correction of cerebrovascular reactivity damage in patients with acute traumatic brain injury of mild to moderate severity.

Methods. The study included 40 patients with acute traumatic brain injury admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery of Kazan City Clinical Hospital №7. All patients were divided into 2 groups: patients who did not receive dimephosphone were included in group 1, in group 2 patients received drug therapy identical to that in group 1 but with additional 15% solution of dimephosphone 15 ml 3 times a day for 12 days. Evaluation of cerebral blood flow was conducted by transcranial Doppler with the use of analyzer of blood flow velocity «Sonomed 300M». Patients underwent daily functional tests (compression test, hypercapnic test, hypocapnic test) during the days 1 to 12 of hospital stay.

Results. The conducted study confirms disorders of cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with acute traumatic brain injury. Also it was found that patients treated with dimephosphone as part of comprehensive therapy at a dose of 15 ml of 15% solution 3 times a day, cerebrovascular reactivity indices (index of vasomotor reactivity, overshoot coefficient) recovered significantly faster.

Conclusion. All patients in the acute period of traumatic brain injury with cerebral contusion have disorders of cerebrovascular reactivity; recovery of cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with traumatic brain injury is accelerated by inclusion of dimephosphone in comprehensive treatment.

Recent publications devoted to the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of cardiogenic syncope were reviewed. The analysis of the current state of views on a pathogenesis, classification and features of a clinical picture of syncope of cardiogenic etiology was performed. Cardiogenic syncope has a 20-30% mortality. The highest risk is characteristic for the age more than 45 years, heart failure, history of ventricular tachycardia, nonspecific changes on ECG. With three and more risk factors the probability of a sudden cardiac death within the next year can reach 80%. The cause of cardiogenic syncope is reduction of cerebral blood flow. Cardiogenic syncope can be caused by a fall in blood pressure, cardiac output and total peripheral vascular resistance. Cardiogenic syncope may be the result of bradycardia and asystole, supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia, pulmonary embolism, dissecting aortic aneurysm, structural defects and cardiac anomalies, presence of myxoma or mobile atrial clot, cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis, acute myocardial ischemia, abnormalities of the coronary arteries, dysfunction of prosthetic valve and cardiac pacemakers. In the diagnosis of cardiogenic syncope anamnesis and data received on physical examination are important. Instrumental examination should include electrocardiography, detection of comorbid conditions, exercise stress tests such as cycle ergometry or treadmill test, Holter ECG monitor, echocardiography, and coronary angiography for suspected acute myocardial ischemia.

Difficult or unsuccessful intubation occur in anesthesiologist’s practice infrequently but such situations may have direct threat to a patient’s life. Often mortality associated with anesthesia is caused precisely by difficulties of intubation. The article deals with analyses of the causes of possible difficult intubation in the practice of anesthesiologist and intensivist in planned and emergency situations. Mallampati test, evaluation of thyromantal distance and mobility of atlanto-occipital joint can be used to predict difficult intubation. According to most recent publications, the most effective way to predict it is the «LEMON» score. Ample opportunities for overcoming difficulties of tracheal intubation are created by recently introduced techniques of videolaryngoscopy - different types of video laryngoscope-modifications of Macintosh blades. Their features compared to classic intubation with the use of Macintosh and Magil blades are excellent view and complete visual control of structures of the larynx.

Multiple pregnancy and multiple birth are pathologic obstetric situations. Recently occurrence of multiple pregnancy has increased due to increase of the age at planned pregnancy and widespread use of assisted reproductive technologies including in vitro fertilization. As a result clinicians practicing in obstetrics face more frequent multiple pregnancies, mostly twins. Risk of bleeding during multiple pregnancy, delivery and the postpartum period is estimated as high and is two times higher than in single pregnancy. The main causes of postpartum hemorrhage in multiple pregnancy are uterine hypotony or atony. Hemostatic changes occurring during pregnancy, unspecific and specific complications of multiple pregnancy are important as well. Correct management of the second period of a multiple vaginal delivery allows reducing the volume of blood loss. Method of fetal extraction in the intact amniotic sac allows reducing the influence of external factors on neonate’s head and the volume of blood loss during Cesarean section. Blood loss reducing is caused by amniotic sac compressing the vessels and therefore decreasing bleeding from the uterine incision for the time enough to extract the fetuses. Active management of the third period of vaginal delivery and afterbirth extraction with traction of umbilical cord during Cesarean section are crucial. Suggested regimens of uterotonics (oxytocin, carbetocin, misoprostol) and antifibrinolytics (tranexamic acid) reduce the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.

Aim. Development of a model of strengthening and preservation of health to improve the activities of children’s and adult health centers.

Methods. A statistical method was used: dynamic analysis of the number of population of Russian Federation in 2010-2015, analysis of budget funds received for preventive work by medical prevention centers in 2014. By the use of a modeling method the scheme of organizational support of children’s and adult health centers was developed.

Results. Designed structure for children and adult health centers with a new direction of activity will contribute to more rational organizational support at various levels of health care, as well as improving the quality and effectiveness of preventive care. The proposed new titles of health centers (child center for health preservation; center for reproductive, family and personal health for adults) reflect the direction of their activities, basically provide improvement of family health at all stages of family development (childhood, youth, working-age and old people) and orientation to a healthy lifestyle. The peculiarity of the new direction of centers’ activity is greater attention to reproductive and mental health. Promoting mental health in adults should begin in childhood. Increased activity of children’s centers will strengthen health throughout life.

Conclusion. Health center should be located in a medical organization; its name should reflect the direction of its activities; the basis of the center for the adults should become a family; strengthening of reproductive and sexual health will contribute to improvement of demographic situation in the country; it is necessary to increase funding for preventive care for the population.

Aim. To study medico-economic performance of outpatient and inpatient treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchial asthma (BA) during emergency hospitalization and the influence of workshops on them.

Methods. 75 case histories of patients with COPD and asthma treated in the department of internal medicine №1 of Kazan city polyclinic №3 were analyzed. Conventional clinical, pharmakoepidemiological, medico-economic methods of research, evaluation of quality of life and level of patient’s knowledge about the disease and statistical methods were used.

Results. The study revealed that the number of ambulance calls in the groups undergoing training decreased significantly compared to the period before training. So, in the group taught at COPD workshop the number of ambulance calls decreased to 1.43 times, and in the group of BA workshop it decreased to 1.58 times. The change in the number of admissions and the number of ambulance calls causes leads to decreased health care costs for the treatment of patients with COPD and BA. The cost of outpatient treatment of 1 case of asthma (including personal patient’s expenses) is 2280.2 rubles. Average cost of 1 case of outpatient treatment of COPD is 3095.6 rubles. Training patients with asthma at asthma workshop resulted in saving health costs of 5593.512 rubles for each patient trained due to reducing the cost of inpatient treatment and emergency medical care. The effect of training of patients at COPD workshop resulted in saving health costs of 7180.78 rubles. The total amount of budget savings for the treatment of all cases of BA and COPD was 465 544.4 rubles.

Conclusion. Influence of patients’ training at workshop resulted in saving costs of health care system and decreased number of ambulance calls.

Aim. To present a case of spontaneous rupture of esophagus taking into account its rarity, diversity of clinical manifestations, complexity of making a diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Methods. Over the past three years in Kazan City Clinical Hospital №7 three cases of the esophageal damage were registered. The age of the patients ranged from 48 to 67 years, including 2 females and 1 male with spontaneous rupture of esophagus.

Results. A 48-year old patient was admitted to the hospital complaining of vomiting with blood followed by appearance of retrosternal pain which appeared immediately after the holiday and nutritional stress. Emergency fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FEGDS) was performed. Endoscopy revealed signs suggestive of diaphragmatic hernia, and 2 ruptures of esophageal mucous membrane up to 3 cm on the left wall of esophagus above the cardiac sphincter. The diagnosis of Mallory-Weiss syndrome complicated with bleeding was made. Surgery: laparotomy, abdominal revision. The abdominal cavity had dark hemorrhagic discharge, inflamed peritoneum and signs of diffuse peritonitis. Diaphragmatic crurotomy was performed. Revision of abdominal esophagus revealed two longitudinal ruptures of the left esophageal wall 1.5 and 3 cm long 8 cm up from the cardiac sphincter. The ruptures were sutured by discontinuous atraumatic encircling stitch. Lower mediastinum was drained with two double-lumen tubes, the gastric probe was installed through the nose. During the follow up CT scan and ultrasound of thoracic cavity were performed. Liquid nutrition through the probe lasted up to 20 days. The mediastinum was lavaged through double-lumen tube with an aqueous solution of chlorhexidine and chymotrypsin up to 32 days. The patient was discharged on day 34 in a satisfactory condition.

Conclusion. One of the etiologic factors of spontaneous esophageal rupture may be diaphragmatic hernia of the esophagus with increased intraesophageal pressure; early surgical intervention, suturing of esophageal rupture, mediastinal drainage and lavage in the postoperative period are fundamental steps in the treatment of esophageal rupture.

Neuroacanthocytosis is a rare autosomal dominant disease, which in its clinical manifestation is characterized by choreiform hyperkinesis, mental and cognitive disorders, signs of polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy, and the basis of the disease is presence of modified erythrocytes (acanthocytes) in peripheral blood. The disease is characterized by autosomal dominant type of inheritance (the gene was mapped on chromosome 9q21), sporadic cases are possible. Description of a clinical case of a 63-year old patient with neuroacanthocytosis delivered by an ambulance with a preliminary diagnosis of stroke is provided. The patient complained of severe general fatigue, whole body shivering, and involuntary compulsive uncontrollable movements in the limbs, body, and face. The patient noted changes in her voice, probably due to compulsive movements of her tongue, lightheadedness, and shaky walk. Almost all physical and laboratory findings were within normal. Taking into account acuteness of the disease, its attack at the time of hypertensive emergency and patient’s age, circular cause was suggested, computed tomography of the brain and magnetic resonance imaging were performed. The results of neuroimaging ruled out the pathology of cerebral circulation. Ultrasound of neck vessels revealed nothing abnormal. Purposeful repeated blood analysis revealed that 85% of erythrocytes were acanthocytes and after that the correct diagnosis was made. The peculiarities of this clinical case are acute manifestation of symptoms and relatively late debut of the disease.

Acute intermittent porphyria is an inherited metabolic disease with autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The pathogenesis of the disease includes disturbed function of vegetative regulation. Attacks of acute intermittent porphyria are rare, sometimes are fatal, but in practice they often remain undiagnosed. Significant difficulties are attributed to unspecific clinical manifistations of acute intermittent porphyria. The patients initially visit surgeons with a clinical presentation of acute abdomen. As a result porphyrinogenic diagnostic and remedial procedures are administered including anesthetics and laparoscopy with anesthesia, which worsen the attack and prognosis. Porphyria being an orphan disease and polymorphism of clinical presentation, absence of medications for its treatment in health care facilities in Russian Federation cause challenges for physicians. The article deals with clinical observation of two patients with a diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria first made in the neurology department. A 53-year old female was brought in to the neurology department by an ambulance in obtundation after a series of generalized tonoclonic spasms with hyperthermia. A 21-year old female was admitted to the surgical department due to intensive epigastric pain, nausea, repeated episodes of vomiting, an episode of diarrhea and significant general fatigue causing impossibility to move. Presented clinical cases reflect a general situation when for a long period of time the patients were wrongfully admitted to different departments, and cover a problem of late and untimely diagnosis of the disease.

Aim. To study the capabilities of radioechocardigraphy in the evaluation of pulmonary hypertension of various causes, early non-invasive detection of pressure increase in the pulmonary artery.

Methods. The study included 800 patients with congenital (269) and acquired (217) mitral valve diseases, pulmonary embolism (140), primary pulmonary hypertension (57), coronary heart disease with acute myocardial infarction (117) of different age and gender. Digital radiography, linear tomography of chest, ECG, echocardiography, multidetector computed tomography angiography, and ultrasound of inferior vena cava were performed.

Results. Radiocardiography combined with linear tomography and measurement of Moore index, right atrium index, transpulmonary distance, and width of right descending pulmonary artery at the level of intermediate bronchus, allows determining the degree, type (arterial, venous, capillary, and mixed) and cause of pulmonary hypertension. Digital radiography and linear tomography in 80% cases reveal signs of pulmonary embolism. Echocardiography makes it possible to study hemodynamics in pulmonary hypertension, to detect the dilation of the right heart, inferior vena cava, and renal veins, and to calculate the systolic pressure in the right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and right atrium. Radioechocardigraphy allows determining the cause and degree of pulmonary hypertension, and hemodynamic disorders. Sensitivity of the method for diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension is 89%, specificity is 90%, and precision is 92%.

Conclusion. Radioechocardigraphy is a highly effective method for diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension; ultrasound of inferior vena cava, iliac veins, and veins of the lower limbs allows to determine the source of pulmonary embolism, to diagnose embologenicity of thromboses and to evaluate the need for vena cava filters.

Severe pneumonia is the actual problem of present respiratory medicine due to the pronounced impact on mortality and economic expenses of health care. For this reason the aim was to study the regional predictors of fatal severe pneumonia with subsequent development of guidelines for optimizing various aspects of diagnosis and treatment of these group of patients. Retrospective analysis of 62 case histories of admitted patients, who died from severe pneumonia during the calendar year, was performed. The results showed that lethal outcomes of severe pneumonia mostly occur in intensive care units. Analysis of performed laboratory and instrumental diagnostic procedures was conducted to reveal the most significant prognosis markers. The main mistakes in administering medications, firstly antimicrobial, were analyzed. Antibiotic therapy was proclaimed completely optimal only in 18% of cases. The analysis allows to make conclusions about the need for rational minimization of diagnostic complex for hospitalized patients with severe pneumonia with mandatory measurement of oxygen saturation, sputum study and chest X-ray in two projections directly on the first day. Along with timely correction of treatment these methods will allow optimizing the total cost of treatment. Ceftriaxone is a leading administered drug in severe pneumonia with lethal outcomes. Appearingly, first of all, it is determined by the absolute predominance of cheap generic drug forms in pharmaceutical market which do not provide adequate clinical efficiency. Underrated high potential of semisynthetic aminopenicillins in severe pneumonia treatment was identified.

Aim. To improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with large soft tissue lipomas by developing and implementing of adaptation-distraction device for rapprochement of wound edges.

Methods. During the period from 2012 to June, 2016, 61 patients with various localization of large soft tissue lipomas were hospitalized to the department of surgery of Kazan Hospital for war veterans. The patients were divided into 2 groups: control group included 35 (57.4%) patients who had the traditional mass excision with wound sealing, and the study group included 26 (42.6%) patients, on whom instrumental method was applied with the use of adaptation-distraction device for rapprochement of wound edges in order to reduce tissue trauma during removal of the lump and suturing tissues.

Results. Clinical use of adaptation-distraction device for removing various tumors of the skin and subcutaneous tissue has demonstrated its advantage over traditional methods. Optimal conditions for radical removal of the tumor with maximum compliance with the rules of ablastics and antiblastics with minimal blood loss (20-45 ml) are created. In control group postoperative wound complications included 2 (5.7%) hematomas and 1 (2.8%) seroma. In the study group 1 (3.8%) patient had hematoma.

Conclusion. Use of adaptation-distraction device provides preliminary circular local tissue compression directly near the tumor and in its base, which leads to local preventive hemostasis in surgical wound area without shutting down the blood flow in surrounding tissues; the device allows to make the imposition of primary seams not interrupting the surgery and to avoid eruption.