Vol 20, No 1 (2012)

The endocrine tissue in the pancreas of 10 actinopterygian fishes (Actinopterigii) species was investigated in present study. Insulin-immunoreactive cells in the most of the studied species (except A. Anguilla, E. Lucius, C. Carpio) had the spherical shape. Glucagon-immunoreactive and somatostatin-immunoreactive cells had the spindle shape with cytoplasmic processes in all species. Insulin-immunoreactive cells were located in the central region of the pancreatic islets; glucagon-immunoreactive cells were located on islet periphery in the most of these species. In A. ruthenus the islets contained only insulin-positive cells. In this case glucagon-and somatostatin-positive cells were distributed around the islets, single cells and small clasters were scaterred throughout the pancreas. In the islets of A. Anguilla, insulin-immunoreactive cells were found in the peripheral region, glucagon-immunoreactive cells were located in the central region. The observed polymorphism of the islets and endocrine cells can not be explained by feeding habits of fishes.

This work describes macroscopic, hystological and morphometrical study of human trachea and bronchi glands of smoking and non-smoking adult men. The study shows that number of excretory ducts of the glands in trachea, main right and distal bronchus is 3-4 times larger for smokers, rather that for non-smokers. Also, a growth of volumetric fraction of bronchial glands and mucous acini in main right and common bronchi was reliably identified for smokers versus non-smokers. These findings indicate that smoking not only increases the volumetric fraction of glads in bronchial wall, but also leads to growth of number of glands.

Supraoptic, paraventricular, arcuate and posterior hypothalamic nuclei of 26 men who died of tuberculosis were examined. The examination revealed the disorder of circulatory processes associated with a decrease in average volum of other nuclei karion except the posterior nucleus. In the large cell cores we found out change in the ratio of neurocytes with signs of neurocecretion of variocil etapes. We consider that these changes dow the participation of hypothalamus in the pathogenesis of the disease.

According to various authors and our own experience, intimal hyperplasia develops in 40-50% cases following reconstructive surgeries causing complications in post-operative period by the development of restenosis. Nowadays more importance in the development of intimal hyperplasia is given to the dynamics of different biochemical parameters of blood plasma. This work represents the analysis of blood plasma endothelin-1, adhesion molecules and C-reactive protein rates in patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease at different periods following reconstructive surgery. Research was performed in 25 male patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease stage IIb-IV according to Fontaine-Pokrovsky classification who underwent reconstructive surgery with the use of allo-prostesis.

In vitro studies revealed that phytoecdysterone isolated from Silence nutans and Silence tatarica activates the formation of superoxide in model systems of quercetin and adrenaline autooxidation. It is shown that phytoecdysterone suppresses the development an ascorbate and NADPH 2-dependent iron induced lipid peroxidation. Phytoecdysterone is comparable with cudesane (vitamin E and coenzyme Q10) on ability to suppress ascorbate-depend lipid peroxidation.

In this article are described the peculiarities of vegetative regulation cardio-vascular system by sportsmen of both sexes. It is established that maturation of segment sections of vegetative nervous system by sportsmen of both sexes is proceeded heterochrony. Functional activity of the highest oversegment structurs of vegetative nervous system which participate in forming adaptive answer cardiovascular system in response to orthostatic influence is shown at the age of 9 – 14 years and don't depend on sex of person.

The article presents results from analysis of the dynamics of russian teenagers mortality 15-19 years from suicides in different periods of social and economical development of the country. The estimation of the evolution of teenage mortality from suicide on the background from death and traumas as a whole is given.

Nowadays the problem of life quality estimation is of great concern. The aim of our investigation was to show how presence of hyperventilation syndrome influences the life quality and asthma control of patients. 78 patients were examined. It was shown that hyperventilation has a negative influence on life quality and asthma control of the patients.

Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint (OA COP) with chondroitine sulfate (CS) and intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA), as well as their impact on the demand in NSAID therapy and life quality of patients.45 patients (males and females) with OA of the COP in age from 35 to 82 years with duration of disease 7 years were included into the 12-month study. We used SF-36, VAS, radiography and MRI. Patients were devided into 3 groups: Group 1 – intra-articular injections of glucocorticoids 1,0 ml 3-5 a week, Group 2 – 500 mg CS, 1 capsule 2 times a day for 6 months. Group 3 – taking only NSAIDs.There was a significant symptomatic effect of corticosteroids and CS. Therapy with corticosteroids and CS showed slower progression of OA of the COP, that allows to refer them to structural-modifying drugs.

Based on clinical data were obtained by the results of treatment of breast cancer after conservative surgery and the relation between diagnostic factors and relapse of the disease, depending on its location and morphological forms.

Done examination and treatment of 87 patients aged from 21 to 58 years with hypersensitivity hard tissue caused by the non-carious lesions (wedge-shaped defect, abnormal abrasion, erosion) and gingival recession. Treatment of hyperesthesia of hard dental tissue was performed using a complex preparation containing potassium fluoride and ecdysterone. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by the dynamics of changes of parameters of electrical conductivity of dental hard tissues before treatment, immediately after the course of treatment and at 1, 6 and 12 months. The study revealed decrease in electrical conductivity in all groups studied, indicating the high performance of treatment of sensitivity dental hard tissues by complex preparation containing potassium fluoride and ecdysterone.

The paper presents an overview of the current world literature on the problem of reconstruction of the trachea in its defeat of primary tumors and metastases. The problem of restoring the integrity of the respiratory tract after extensive resection of the trachea has not been solved and remains valid. There are a large number of operations that are effective in eliminating the need of small defects. However, attempts to replace the extended circular defects of the trachea after resection of tumors in clinical practice remain unsuccessful.

At primary оpen angle glaucoma emotional infringements, signs social adaptation infringement are often enough defined. Stressful situations and negative emotions promote increase of intraocular pressure at patients open angle glaucoma. At inspection patients had raised level of uneasiness, emotional instability, social adaptation infringement. The depression, the suppressed reaction of anger, emotional stress can promote development of an angiospasm and blood-groove decrease in a brain, a retina and an optic nerve. Correcting the psychological status of patients it is possible to affect positively haemodynamics and hydrodynamics condition, to improve visual functions and to slow down progressing process of the glaucoma. The positive effect is marked after application psychopharmacotherapy in a combination to psychotropic pharmacotherapy. At patients it is noted reduction of the area of blind maculae, reduction of quantity of scotomas in the central field of vision, augmentation of a nasal stock of a field of vision is objectively registered. Efficiency of psychotherapy is marked mainly at an early stage of illness when there are no rough organic changes.

In this article there are the research results of health state and adaptation potential of teenagers, studying in institutions of the primary vocational education. The conclusion about the possibility of a differentiated approach at admission to the vocational education, carrying out of medical vocational guidance and medical professional consultation on the basis of account of the health state and individual peculiarities of an organism has drawn.