Vol 25, No 1 (2017)

Morphology and pathological anatomy

THE USAGE OF SCANNING TECHNIQUES (ATOMIC POWER AND ELECTRON) MICROSCOPY IN NANOGISTOLOGICAL STUDIES (for example preeclampsia)

Pavlova T.V., Pavlova L.A., Petruhin V.A., Pilkevich N.B., Selivanova A.V., Syrtseva I.S., Kaplin A.N.

Abstract

The alteration of cytoarchitectonics of erythrocytes in women on background of preeclampsia was shown with help ofatomic power and electronmicroscopy. The main group consisted of 80 women whose pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. Identified data on the pathological changes in the blood cells showed that the shape, change the profile of the cells, as well as state plasmolemma erythrocyte is diagnostic indicator of severity of the disease and leads to disruption of fetal well-being, the mother and the newborn.

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):6-13
pages 6-13 views

Biochemistry, physiology, biophysics, pathological physiology

IN VITRO EFFECT OF L-CARNITINE ON THE ACTIVITY OF LYSOSOMAL CYSTEINE PROTEASES AND THE STATE OF LYSOSOMAL MEMBRANE

Fomina M.A., Kudlaeva A.M., Ryabkov A.N.

Abstract

The influence of L-carnitine in vitro on the lysosomal cysteine proteinase activity and stability of the lysosomal membrane of the liver homogenates of intact sexually Mature female rats of Wistar line weighing 280-330 g were studied. In the experimental groups isolated lysosomes were incubated in vitro in a solution of L-carnitine during 1, 2 and 4 hours, in the control groups in vitro incubation was carried out in a medium of isolating solution. The activity of ca-thepsins B, L and H was investigated by spectrofluorimetric method of Barrett & Kirschke in two fractions - lysosomal and outside of lysosomes. The activity of acid phosphatase was used as the main marker of a membrane labilization. In vitro incubation of lysosomes showed that carnitine at a concentration of 5 mM increases the total activity of cathepsin B in a one-hour incubation at 73,2% (p=0,008), cathepsin L in a two- and four-hour incubation - at 77,7% (p=0,005) and 42,3% (p=0,013) respectively, and reduces the overall activity of the cathepsin H in a one-hour incubation at 200,0% (p=0,008), in a two-hour - by 67,9% (p=0,05), in a four-hour -27,1% (p=0,02). In addition, incubation in 5 mM L-carnitine solution leads to an increase of unsedimentable activity and fall sedimentaries activity for cathepsin L in a two-hour, and for acid phosphatase - in a two - and four-hour exposure. 5 mM L-carnitine in one - and two-hour incubation stabilizes lysosomal membrane (whereas increase in incubation time up to 4 hours leads to its damage) and increases the selective permeability of the lysosomal membrane for the studied cathepsins, to the greatest extent - for cathepsin H.

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):14-20
pages 14-20 views

GENDER-AGE FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN PROCESS OF ACHIEVEMENT THE AIM

Kuznetsova T.G., Gorbacheva M.V.

Abstract

A comparative analysis of the organization features of process achievement the object with using the method of approaching the aim for preschool children and adults. The research objective was to study the emotional, instrumental responses and «stress index» in process of achievement the aim, approaching with different speeds and different subjective value.

Revealed gender-age features of the organization of the functional state of the subjects. Children's reactions were determined emotionally significant factors - speed and value. The verbal instruction of the experimenter determines the actions of adults.The high to low speed modification of the object caused the «collision» of the nervous processesand reflected in changing behavioral and functional state of the subjects. Similar facial reactions identified in response to emotionally significant negative factors in children and women. Unlike women and children, a positive mimic man was observed under the influence of negative stimuli.

Summation of negative emotionally significant factors in all subjects regardless of age and sex played a significant role in the organization of heart rate regulation mechanisms.

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):21-29
pages 21-29 views

Pharmacology, clinical pharmacology

ANALYSIS OF ATTRIBUTION OF NOOPEPT TO SUBSTRATES AND MODULATORS OF FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF ABCB1-PROTEIN IN IN VIVO EXPERIMENT

Chernykh I.V., Shchulkin A.V., Yakusheva E.N., Gatsanoga M.V., Popova N.M.

Abstract

In the article the influence of nootropic drug Noopept (N-phenyl-acetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester) on the functional activity of ABCB1-protein is analyzed and attribution of this drug to the transport protein substrates is studied on male Chinchilla rabbits. Functioning of the transport protein was estimated by the pharmacokinetics of its marker substrate - fexofenadine. Fexofenadine was introduced intragastrically one time in the dose 67,5 mg/kg b.w. before and after 14-day introduction of Noopept in the dose 10 mg/kg b.w. 3 times a day. The quantity of the substance was determined by HPLC method according to the previously developed procedure.

Belonging of Noopept to ABCB1-protein substrates was estimated by comparison of its pharmacokinetic parameters before and after a course of introduction of verapamil (the known inhibitor of the ABCB1-protein) into male rabbits in the dose 20 mg/kg b.w. 3 times a day. The pharmacokinetics of Noopept was studied by the original HPLC method.

It was found that the course of Noopept introduction did not lead to any reliable changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of the ABCB1-protein marker substrate - fexofenadine, which may evidence preservation of the functional activity of the given transport protein at the initial level. It was also found that the pharmacokinetics of Noopept remained unchanged after a course of introduction of ABCB1-protein inhibitor - verapamil - in to the male rabbits, that is, Noopept is not a substrate of the given transport protein.

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):30-41
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STUDY OF COMPOSITION, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF POLYSACCHARIDE COMPLEX OF ARCTIUM LAPPA LEAVES

Sychev I.A., Kokina D.G.

Abstract

A method of isolation of polysaccharide complex from the leaves of Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) is described in the article. For the first time the qualitative composition of this complex was determined, belonging to the group of heteroglycans. Some of physical and chemical properties of polysaccharide complex were studied. It is shown that polysaccharide complex increases catalase activity and peroxide resistance of the erythrocyte membranes of healthy donors. The study found that polysaccharide complex of Burdock improves physical performance of test animals.

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):42-48
pages 42-48 views

Hygiene, ecology, epidemiology, healthcare organization, history of medicine

CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS THAT SOUGHT MEDICAL HELP DUE TO INTRACRANIAL INJURY IN MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS OF RYAZAN REGION IN 2015

Artemieva G.B., Kosolapov A.A.

Abstract

The article provides the structure analysis of patients who were admitted to hospitals, time of treatment and its outcomes in the medical organizations of Ryazan region in 2015. Considering the given characteristics of the patients the most common causes of intracranial injuries, the patterns of admissions to medical institutions, average time of treatment and the outcomes of injuries per municipal districts in Ryazan region were educed, and approaches how to organize medical help of «neurosurgery» profile were also suggested.

In 2015, non-work, especially domestic, intracranial injuries amounted to the vast majority (98,9%) of casesin the Ryazan region. Men prevailed among injured (55,7%), with men of working age more likely to get a street (60,1%) and transport (67,8%) intracranial injury. The most common cause of intracranial injury in women was domestic trauma.

The most severe patients with intracranial injury in Ryazan in the vast majority of cases receive medical help in a specialized neurosurgical department of regional clinical hospital, which improves the quality of care and the effectiveness of medical intervention. This is confirmed by the decrease in mortality from intracranial injuries in both specialized neurosurgical department of regional clinical hospital and medical organizations in the districts of Ryazan region.

To improve the efficiency of neurosurgical care in Ryazan region, it is advisable to develop a detailed routing scheme for patients with intracranial injury, considering the equipment and personnel provision of medical organizations, as well as timing indicators of the transport and technological routes.

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):49-55
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MORBIDITY WITH TEMPORARY DISABILITY OF STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN VORONEZH

Fertikova T.E., Rogachev A.A., Artemov A.N.

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study and comparative analysis of morbidity with temporary disability of students of higher educational institutions in Voronezh in general and students of the Voronezh state medical University (VSMU), Voronezh state University of engineering technology (VSUET) and Voronezh state architectural-construction University (VSACU) in particular, in the dynamics from 2010 to 2015. Students of the Voronezh state medical University, the survey evaluated the most critical the condition of their health, have the greatest levels of morbidity with temporary disability and at the same time the least duration of one case of temporary disability.

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):56-61
pages 56-61 views

Internal medicine

POSSIBILITY OF FRAX TOOL IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF OSTEOPOROSIS

Zaigrova N.K., Uryasev O.M., Shakhanov A.V., Tverdova L.V.

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study of bone mineral density and fracture risk assessment using FRAX tool in 179 citizens of the Ryazan region. According to the results of densitometry distal forearm in 20% of cases revealed osteopenia, and 10% - osteoporosis. The fracture risk, calculated by FRAX tool, correlates with the results of densitometry, which suggests the possibility of using FRAX for the diagnostics of osteoporosis.

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):62-68
pages 62-68 views

EXPERIENCE OF TREATMENT OF MALE HYPERTENSION WITH OBESITY, FASTING HYPERGLYCEMIA AND DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN D

Filatova T.E., Nizov A.A., Davydov V.V.

Abstract

Vitamin D insufficiency has been registered for almost half the world's population. Among the elderly, this figure reaches 80-90%, in Russia-78-83%. Men's patients of uroandrological profile with obesity, androgen deficiency, infertility and prostate diseases 69 associated with hypogonadism, obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, the frequently detected (hormone) deficiency of vitamin D. In addition to the impact on calcium-phosphorous and carbohydrate metabolism, vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension.

We have investigated male patients on the levels of vitamin D in the blood serum with immunoassay chemiluminescent method on microchasticah (full automatic Architect i2000 Abbot), the value of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SAD and DAD) defined by a well-known method of Korotkov, fasting glycemia rates investigated by using the gluko-zooksidantmethod, body mass index (BMI) is calculated by the formula Quetelet.

Elimination of vitamin D deficiency using a single succession introduction of 30004000 IU of cholecalciferol to the men of 40-50 years, suffering from different types of pathology, turns out to be effective not only in treating systolic-diastolic hypertension, but also in reducing, as fasting hyperglycemia and overweight.

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):69-75
pages 69-75 views

Psychology, clinical psychology, neurology, psychiatry, narcology

THE MECHANISMS OF MOTOR AND VEGETATIVE MAINTANANCE OF MODELING ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH EPILEPSY AND CLINICAL COURSE OF DISEASE

Zorin R.A., Lapkin M.M., Zhadnov V.A.

Abstract

75 healthy people and 163 patients with epilepsy were observed. Using cluster analysis on the basis of characteristics of modeling activity we divided group of patients with epilepsy in 2 subgroups: resultative and low resultative. In low resultative subgroup of patients, the prevalence of symptomatic (structural-metabolic) forms of epilepsy, higher level of generalized seizures after correction of therapy, cognitive disorders and social desadaptation were determined. We studied the characteristics of motor systems (contingent negative variation, F-wave, simple and complex sensory-motor reactions) and vegetative maintenance of activity (parameters of heart rate variability, respiratory function). The insufficiency of activation of motor cortex, decrease of speed of simple and complex sensory-motor reactions, higher level of sympathetic influences in vegetative regulation and activity of respiratory effectors after modeling activity were established. Using artificial neural network technology, we classified the patients in subgroups with different resultness of acitivity. The most important in decision of this task were the characteristics of vegetative maintenance of activity. The excessive activation of stress realizing mechanisms in association with low resultness of activity increase the physiological cost of activity and decrease it’s efficiency.

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):76-85
pages 76-85 views

PARENTAL AUTOAGGRESSION: THE LINK WITH SUICIDAL ACTIVITY OF THEIR POSTERITY

Lukashuk A.V., Merinov A.V.

Abstract

The number of suicides worldwide is growing steadily and suicide in adolescents have a distinct tendency to increase. At the moment there are many approaches that attempt to explain the true causes of suicides in children and adolescents. The authors paid special attention to the consideration of family background as a causal factor in the consolidation of self-injurious patterns in children and adolescents. The results of their study show that in families where parents have a high level of self-aggression, adolescents are more likely to exhibit suicidal behavior. For example, the number of suicide attempts in the experimental and control groups - 20,96% and 4,16% respectively. In the experimental group authentically more often Neuilly autoaggressive patterns, for example, exposure to physical violence in groups of 25,81% vs. 3,33%, the and the application of self-harm of 25,81% vs. 8,33%. The data obtained for a fresh look at the principles of preventive schemes teenage suicidology.

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):86-96
pages 86-96 views

PARTURITION IN WOMEN WITH VARICOSE DISEASE

Sadriev O.N., Marizoeva M.M., Kalmykov E.L., Sultanov D.D., Bobdzhonova O.B.

Abstract

Aim: impact evaluation of varicose disease on delivering.

Materials and methods: analyzed the delivery in 12 women with varicose disease (study group) and 12 patients without pathology of the venous system.

Results: an increase in the frequency of premature rupture of in patients of the main group (66,7%) compared with patients in the control group (25,0%). Significant differences perineal rupture degree I-II patients of both groups [58,3% (study group) against 33,3% (control group)].

The frequency of abnormal blood loss (ABL) (400 ml) in the study group was observed in 4 (33,3%) patients, while patients in the control group did not have a ABL (p<0,001). There was also a statistically distinguishable (p<0,001), the frequency of premature placental abruption (16,7% in the study group, 0% - in the control) and postpartum endometritis (8,3% in the main group, 0% - in the control).

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):97-102
pages 97-102 views

Surgery

STENTING VERTEBRAL ARTERY IN ATHEROSCLEROTIC STENOSIS AND PATHOLOGICAL TORTUOSITY

Baratov A.K., Sadriev O.N., Kalmykov E.L., Gulmuradov T.G., Yunusov K.A.

Abstract

The article describes a case of successful stenting of vertebral artery stenosis and atherosclerotic pathological tortuosity. Duplex scan showed a reduction of linear blood flow velocity in the left vertebral artery. In connection with the refractory to conservative therapy, the presence of symptoms of progressive vertebro-basilar vascular insufficiency patient angioplasty and stenting of the left vertebral artery was performed. During the control examinations and duplex scanning at 1, 3, 6 and 9 months after surgery the patient had no complaints, the vertebral artery patency 100%, the linear velocity of blood flow - 22,4 cm/s.

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):103-109
pages 103-109 views

Clinical and experimental oncology

COMPARISON OF NEPHROMETRIC SYSTEMS IN PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY FOR RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

Shatylko T.V., Popkov V.M., Korolev A.Y., Chausovsky D.A.

Abstract

Evaluation of efficacy of using nephrometry scores was performed on our own cohort of patients. Correlation between them and clinical variables was studied. All nephrometry scores - RENAL, PADUA and C-index - correlate significantly with ischemia time during partial nephrectomy, but not with total operative time. Kidney resection for intermediate and high complexity tumors caused chronic kidney disease (CKD) de novo or CKD upstaging more often than resection for low complexity tumors. Low complexity tumors on RENAL and PADUA were characterized by significantly lower renal parenchyma ischemia time required for resection. Complications of partial nephrectomy were observed only in groups with intermediate and high tumor complexity, while differences between intermediate and high complexity seemed practically insignificant. Nephrometry systems are useful in clinical practice, but require further improvement.

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):110-117
pages 110-117 views

Reviews

A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH AND GENDER ASPECTS OF EPILEPSY

Lesik O.O., Zhadnov V.A.

Abstract

Epilepsy affects patients of opposite gender differently, hence requires gender-specific approaches in both management and treatment of such patients. Reproductive health, sexual function and other symptomatic disorders of various organ systems ought to be of cen-ter-focus for doctors treating patients with epilepsy, especially considering the fact that, all these conditions can adversely affect the quality of life of these patients. A considerate amount of scientific interest is being devoted to epilepsy in separate genders, however, insufficient attention is given to the comparative analysis peculiarities in these patients in terms of impact on health, level of depression and anxiety, leading psychological defense mechanisms, satisfaction and overall quality of life of patients with epilepsy. When activity of component parameters are viewed separately, they may not reveal pathogenesis as a whole, thus can’t be used to assess patients’ condition. Complex of electrographic and clinical characteristics are considered as a semiotic system. Such combined analysis of both physiological as well as clinical factors allow biologically-based systematic assessment of syndrome formation and relationship establishment between human biological peculiarities and clinical characteristics of the disease based on gender. Systematic approach in the analysis of physical, psychological and social aspects of epilepsy in men and women will focus attention to gender based disease peculiarities optimize treatment, outpatient follow-up and overall improvement of quality of life of patients.

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):118-132
pages 118-132 views

PHLEBOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE

Nebylitsyn Y.S., Nazaruk A.A.

Abstract

Today, modern medicine has risen to previously inaccessible level. Minimally invasive surgery with using endoscopic equipment and microsurgery became usual. This article describes the methods and approaches to the treatment of pathologies of the veins in modern phlebology. The authors analyzed the effectiveness of RFA and EVLA, anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy, selectively «catheter-controlled» thrombolysis, percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy, implantation of vena cava filters and many other methods.

During the preparing of the article both popular-science sources and personal experience of practical application of most of the methods were used.

A promising development in phlebology is to prevent blood clots. Perhaps, for this purpose will be used pharmacological blockade of gene effects and some pathological genes. During the anticoagulation therapy will be developed more effective and safe form of no injection of drugs with a predictable effect. In the treatment of proximal thrombosis aggressive tactics will be implemented more actively, including endovascular treatment in combination with thrombectomy. In the treatment of post-thrombotic syndrome is a promising development and installation of endovascular intravenous valves. It is also to carry out works for further evaluation of the role the endothelium of blood vessels and the use of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of chronic venous diseases.

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):133-148
pages 133-148 views

MODERNVIEWS OF POSTURE (a review of the literature)

Tolstova T.I., Kozeevskaya N.A.

Abstract

An analysis of russian and foreign literature, which shows changing perceptions about posture, starting from the point of view of mechanics (osteo-muscular theory) to look at posture as a biomechanical, neurophysiological and neuropsychiatric processes is presented.

As the main domestic theories authors consider osteopathic posture, muscle and genetic theories.

Among the foreign theories the most allocated the miofascial theory-special meridians Thomas Myers and Leopold Bjuske, postural deficiency syndrome, sensorimotor amnesia. Both domestic and foreign authors note the role of emotions in violation of posture. The article says about the possibility of learning good posture through capable of adaptation and improvement of automation movements.

Align posture and balance are dynamic and adaptive options, and not static and fixed.

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):149-156
pages 149-156 views

Anniversury

TO THE 105-th ANNIVERSARY OF PROFESSOR N.I. SMETANIN

Smetanin V.N., Kiryushin V.A.

Abstract

This article discusses the key milestones of the life course, scientific and pedagogical activity of the known scientist, hygienist, head of the Department of occupational health of the I.P. Pavlov Ryazan Medical Institute, Nikolay Ivanovich Smetanin.

I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald. 2017;25(1):157-163
pages 157-163 views


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