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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия РАН. Физика атмосферы и океана</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0002-3515</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6487</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">658277</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0002351523050139</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ANDMWR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Variability of Extreme Air Temperatures and Precipitation in Different Natural Zones in Late XX and Early XXI Centuries According to ERA5 Reanalysis Data</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изменчивость экстремальных температур воздуха и осадков в конце XX и в начале XXI веков в различных природных зонах Земли по данным реанализа ERA5</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zheleznova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Железнова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ijeleznova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gushchina</surname><given-names>D. Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гущина</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dasha155@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>549</fpage><lpage>559</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-20"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, И.В. Железнова, Д.Ю. Гущина</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, И.В. Железнова, Д.Ю. Гущина</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">И.В. Железнова, Д.Ю. Гущина</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">И.В. Железнова, Д.Ю. Гущина</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0002-3515/article/view/658277">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0002-3515/article/view/658277</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181324243888">Global temperature rise on the planet is accompanied by an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events, which can lead to significant disturbances in plant metabolic processes and the functioning of plant communities. Depending on the type of vegetation and climatic conditions, the extent and nature of this impact can vary significantly. Therefore, the aim of this work was to identify areas with different types of plant communities that have been most affected by extreme temperatures and precipitation in recent decades. To identify regions with temperature and precipitation extremes, we estimated the frequency of exceeding a given threshold (less than 5% quantile or greater than 95% quantile) for selected theoretical probability density functions for the air temperature and precipitation series. The number of cases of exceeding the extreme threshold is calculated for the whole globe, their spatial and temporal variability in different seasons of the year and in the first decades of the XXI century compared to the end of the XX century is analysed. The regions with different types of plant communities with the most pronounced amplification of extreme temperature and precipitation regimes under changing climate conditions were identified.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181324242304">Глобальный рост температуры на планете сопровождается увеличением частоты возникновения экстремальных погодных событий, которые могут привести к значительным нарушениям в течении обменных процессов в растениях и функционировании растительных сообществ. В зависимости от типа растительности и климатических условий степень и характер такого влияния может значительно изменяться. Поэтому задачей настоящей работы было выявить районы с различными типами растительных сообществ, наиболее подверженные воздействию экстремальных температур и осадков в последние десятилетия. Для выявления регионов с экстремальными значениями температуры и осадков выбран метод оценки частоты превышения заданного порога (менее 5% квантиля или более 95% квантиля) для подобранных теоретических функций распределения плотности вероятности для рядов температуры воздуха и осадков. Для всего Земного шара рассчитано количество случаев превышения порога экстремальности, проанализирована их пространственно-временная изменчивость в различные сезоны года и в первые десятилетия XXI века по сравнению с концом XX века. Выявлены регионы с различными типами растительных сообществ, в которых отмечается наиболее выраженное усиление экстремальности режима температуры и осадков в условиях меняющегося климата.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>extreme weather events</kwd><kwd>plant communities</kwd><kwd>air temperature</kwd><kwd>precipitation</kwd><kwd>climate change</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экстремальные явления погоды</kwd><kwd>растительные сообщества</kwd><kwd>температура воздуха</kwd><kwd>атмосферные осадки</kwd><kwd>изменение климата</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Beck H.E. et al. Present and future köppen-geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution // Sci. Data. 2018. V. 5. P. 1–12.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Beer C. et al. 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