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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия РАН. Физика атмосферы и океана</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0002-3515</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6487</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">658282</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S000235152305005X</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">PMVPGN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">On the Mechanism of Sulfur Dioxide Oxidation in Cloud Droplets</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>О механизме окисления диоксида серы в облачных каплях</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yermakov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермаков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ezmakr2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aloyan</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алоян</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ezmakr2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arutyunyan</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арутюнян</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ezmakr2010@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pronchev</surname><given-names>G. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прончев</surname><given-names>Г. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>polclouds@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт энергетических проблем химической физики им. В.Л. Тальрозе ФИЦ ХФ им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт вычислительной математики им. Г.И. Марчука РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>612</fpage><lpage>622</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-20"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, А.Н. Ермаков, А.Е. Алоян, В.О. Арутюнян, Г.Б. Прончев</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, А.Н. Ермаков, А.Е. Алоян, В.О. Арутюнян, Г.Б. Прончев</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">А.Н. Ермаков, А.Е. Алоян, В.О. Арутюнян, Г.Б. Прончев</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">А.Н. Ермаков, А.Е. Алоян, В.О. Арутюнян, Г.Б. Прончев</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0002-3515/article/view/658282">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0002-3515/article/view/658282</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181323401632">Data from field experiments on the dynamics of SO<sub>2</sub> oxidation in cloud droplets are presented. The rapid oxidation of SO<sub>2</sub> by molecular oxygen observed in experiments is attributed here to the catalytic action of a pair of manganese and iron ions in droplets. Their inhomogeneous effect by the drop-size distribution, attributed in experiments only to the leaching of ions of these metals from coarse particles of mineral dust is also due to the transition of the oxidation reaction into a branched mode. The results obtained indicate that the branched regime of catalytic oxidation of SO<sub>2</sub> detected in cloud droplets should be considered as a new and significant source of sulfates in the atmosphere. This process must be taken into account when considering both the budget of sulfates in the global atmosphere and their impact on the climate.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181323399904">В работе приводятся данные натурных экспериментов о динамике окисления SO<sub>2</sub> в облачных каплях. Наблюдаемое в экспериментах быстрое окисление SO<sub>2</sub> молекулярным кислородом отнесено в данной работе к каталитическому действию пары ионов марганца и железа в каплях. При этом неоднородное по спектру капель их действие, приписанное в экспериментах лишь выщелачиванию ионов этих металлов из крупных частиц грубодисперсного минерального аэрозоля, обусловлено также переходом реакции окисления в разветвленный режим. Полученные результаты указывают, что выявленный в облачных каплях разветвленный режим каталитического окисления SO<sub>2</sub> следует рассматривать в качестве нового и значимого источника сульфатов в атмосфере. С этим процессом необходимо считаться при рассмотрении как бюджета сульфатов в глобальной атмосфере, так и их влияния на климат.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atmosphere</kwd><kwd>cloud droplets</kwd><kwd>isotopic composition</kwd><kwd>manganese and iron ions</kwd><kwd>branched reaction mode</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>атмосфера</kwd><kwd>облачные капли</kwd><kwd>изотопный состав</kwd><kwd>ионы марганца и железа</kwd><kwd>разветвленный режим реакции</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансировании Госзаданий ИНЭП ХФ РАН им. В.Л. 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