<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия РАН. Физика атмосферы и океана</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0002-3515</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6487</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">658291</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0002351523040090</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">YOBQKP</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analytical Model for the Generation of Vorticity Due to Inhomogeneous Friction on the Underlying Surface</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Аналитическая модель генерации завихренности, обусловленной неоднородным трением на подстилающей поверхности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ingel</surname><given-names>L. Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ингель</surname><given-names>Л. Х.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>lev.ingel@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makosko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макоско</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>lev.ingel@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research and Production Association “Typhoon”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ “НПО "Тайфун”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики атмосферы им. А.М. Обухова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>417</fpage><lpage>420</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-20"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Л.Х. Ингель, А.А. Макоско</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Л.Х. Ингель, А.А. Макоско</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Л.Х. Ингель, А.А. Макоско</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Л.Х. Ингель, А.А. Макоско</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0002-3515/article/view/658291">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0002-3515/article/view/658291</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181326153920">In a number of recent publications, attention is drawn to the heterogeneity of the underlying surface as a factor that can contribute to the initiation and intensification of tornadoes. The paper proposes an analytical model for the generation of vorticity under the influence of horizontally inhomogeneous friction. The resulting vorticity is proportional to the background flow velocity and to the horizontal gradient of the drag coefficient transverse to this flow; dependence on other factors is relatively weak. Numerical estimates show the possibility of efficient vorticity generation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181326153632">В ряде публикаций последних лет обращается внимание на неоднородности подстилающей поверхности как фактор, который может способствовать зарождению и интенсификации смерчей. В работе предложена аналитическая модель генерации завихренности под влиянием горизонтально-неоднородного трения. Возникающая завихренность пропорциональна скорости фонового течения и поперечному к этому течению горизонтальному градиенту коэффициента сопротивления; зависимость от других факторов относительно слабая. Численные оценки показывают возможность эффективной генерации завихренности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atmospheric currents</kwd><kwd>vorticity</kwd><kwd>inhomogeneous friction</kwd><kwd>atmospheric vortices</kwd><kwd>analytical model</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd><bold>:</bold> атмосферные течения</kwd><kwd>завихренность</kwd><kwd>неоднородное трение</kwd><kwd>атмосферные вихри</kwd><kwd>аналитическая модель</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Галушко В.В., Орданович А.Е. Двухслойная модель экмановского пограничного слоя атмосферы // Метеорология и гидрология. 1978. № 4. С. 33–34.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Гутман Л.Н. Введение в нелинейную теорию мезометеорологических процессов. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1969. 295 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Ингель Л.Х., Макоско А.А. О механизме генерации спиральности восходящего потока, обусловленного неоднородным трением на подстилающей поверхности // Докл. РАН. Науки о Земле. 2023. Т. 508. № 2. С. 253–257.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Ингель Л.Х., Михайлова Л.А. К теории экмановского пограничного слоя с нелинейными граничными условиями // Изв. AН СССР. Физика атмосферы и океана. 1990. Т. 26. № 7. С. 675–681.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Ландау Л.Д., Лифшиц Е.М. Гидродинамика. М.: Наука, 1986. 733 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Dotzek N., Emeis S., Lefebvre C., Gerpott J. Waterspouts over the North and Baltic Seas: Observations and climatology, prediction and reporting // Meteorologische Zeitschrift. 2010. V. 19. № 1. P. 115–129.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Ingel L.Kh. On the nonlinear dynamics of the boundary layer of intense atmospheric vortex // Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans. 2005. V. 40. № 4. P. 295–304.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Frazier A.E., Hemingway B.L., Brasher J.P. Land surface heterogeneity and tornado occurrence: an analysis of Tornado Alley and Dixie Alley // Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk. 2019. V. 10. № 1. P. 1475–1492.https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2019.1583292</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Kellner O., Niyogy D. Land surface heterogeneity signature in tornado climatology? An illustrative analysis over Indiana, 1950–2012 // Earth Interactions. 2014. V. 18. № 10. P. 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1175/2013EI000548.1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Lyza A.W., Knupp K.R. A Background investigation of tornado activity across the Southern Cumberland Plateau Terrain System of Northeastern Alabama // Mon. Wea. Rev. 2018. V. 146. P. 4261–4278. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-18-0300.1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Markert A., Griffin R., Knupp K., Molthan A., Coleman T. A spatial pattern analysis of land surface roughness heterogeneity and its relationship to the initiation of weak tornadoes // Earth Interactions. 2019. V. 23. № 5. P. 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1175/EI-D-18-0010.1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Miglietta M.M. Waterspouts: A Review // Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. 2019. 15 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Muncy T.J. Topographic and surface roughness influences on tornadogenesis and decay [Электронный ресурс] / Thesis. College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University. 2021. 164 p. Режим доступа: https://etd.ohiolink. edu/apexprod/rws_olink/r/ 1501/10?clear=10&amp;p10_accession_ num=ohiou1628513174226383 (дата обращения 19.12.2022 г.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Wheatley D.M., Trapp R.J. The effect of mesoscale heterogeneity on the genesis and structure of mesovortices within quasi-linear convective systems // Mon. Wea. Rev. 2008. V. 136. P. 4220–4241.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
