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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия РАН. Физика атмосферы и океана</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0002-3515</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6487</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">681738</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0002351524060011</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HVKRCB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Acoustic monitoring of internal gravity waves in the lower troposphere using an anti-hail acoustic cannon</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Акустический мониторинг внутренних гравитационных волн в нижней тропосфере с использованием противоградовой акустической пушки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chunchuzov</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чунчузов</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>igor.chunchuzov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Perepelkin</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перепелкин</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>igor.chunchuzov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulichkov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куличков</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>igor.chunchuzov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>igor.chunchuzov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Azizyan</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азизян</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>igor.chunchuzov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vardanyan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варданян</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><email>igor.chunchuzov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ayvazyan</surname><given-names>G. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айвазян</surname><given-names>Г. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="AM">Armenia</country></address><email>igor.chunchuzov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики атмосферы им. А.М. Обухова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Polytechnic University of Armenia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный политехнический университет Армении</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>851</fpage><lpage>868</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-31"><day>31</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0002-3515/article/view/681738">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0002-3515/article/view/681738</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of study of the influence of internal gravity waves (IGWs) on the spatial and temporal variability of the lower troposphere using a triangular network of three microbarographs and an anti-hail acoustic cannon installed in Talin (Armenia) are presented. By coherent analysis of pressure fluctuations measured at different points, the IGWs generated by thunderstorm cells about 5-6 h before the passage of the cells over the network of microbarographs were detected. The regularities of changes with time of phase speeds and directions of propagation of IGWs precursors of thunderstorms were studied. The possibility of monitoring of IGWs in the troposphere by measuring temporal fluctuations of the travel time of acoustic pulses along the ray-paths connecting the anti-hail cannon with spatially separated acoustic receivers has been demonstrated. Vertical profiles of wind velocity fluctuations in certain layers of the lower troposphere up to a height of 800 m were reconstructed from the shapes and travel times of acoustic pulses with a shock front scattered by a fine layered structure of wind velocity and temperature in the stably-stratified lower troposphere. Due to the high vertical resolution (of the order of 1 m) of the method of pulsed acoustic sounding of the lower troposphere used here, the vertical wavenumber spectra of layered inhomogeneities of wind velocity in the range of short vertical scales, from one to tens of meters, were obtained for the first time and theoretically interpreted.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Приведены результаты исследования влияния внутренних гравитационных волн (ВГВ) на пространственно-временную изменчивость атмосферного давления и скорости ветра в нижней тропосфере c помощью установленной в г. Талин (Армения) треугольной сети из трех микробарографов и противоградовой акустической пушки. Путем когерентного анализа флуктуаций давления, измеряемых в разных точках, обнаружены ВГВ, генерируемые грозовыми фронтами примерно за 5–6 ч до прохождения этих фронтов над сетью микробарографов. Изучены закономерности изменения с течением времени фазовых скоростей и направлений распространения ВГВ, являющихся предвестниками гроз. Показана возможность мониторинга ВГВ в тропосфере по временным флуктуациям времени пробега акустических импульсов вдоль лучей, соединяющих противоградовую пушку с разнесенными в пространстве акустическими приемниками. По формам и временам пробега акустических импульсов с ударным фронтом, рассеянных анизотропными флуктуациями скорости ветра и температуры в устойчиво стратифицированной нижней тропосфере, восстановлены вертикальные профили флуктуаций скорости ветра в определенных слоях нижней тропосферы, вплоть до высоты 800 м. Благодаря высокой разрешающей способности по высоте (порядка 1 м), используемого здесь метода импульсного акустического зондирования нижней тропосферы впервые получены вертикальные спектры анизотропных флуктуаций скорости ветра в диапазоне коротких вертикальных масштабов, от одного до десятков метров, и дана их теоретическая интерпретация.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stably-stratified atmospheric boundary layer</kwd><kwd>mesoscale fluctuations</kwd><kwd>pulsed acoustic sounding</kwd><kwd>fine vertical layered structure</kwd><kwd>lower troposphere</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>устойчиво стратифицированный атмосферный пограничный слой</kwd><kwd>анизотропные флуктуации</kwd><kwd>импульсное акустическое зондирование</kwd><kwd>тонкая структура</kwd><kwd>нижняя тропосфера</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Комитет по высшему образованию и науки Армении</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Higher Education and Science Committee of Armenia</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>21T-2D023</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of science and higher education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Бовшеверов В.М., Грачев А.И., Ломадзе С.О. 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