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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Astronomy Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Astronomy Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Астрономический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0004-6299</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5170</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">647510</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S000462992305002X</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">YVREYE</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Structure of the Universe in the Quasar Absorption Spectra</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Структура Вселенной в спектрах поглощения квазаров</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demiański</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демянский</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>astrep@pleiadesonline.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Doroshkevich</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорошкевич</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>astrep@pleiadesonline.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Larchenkova</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларченкова</surname><given-names>Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>astrep@pleiadesonline.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><institution>Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Warsaw</institution></aff><aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Astronomy, Williams College</institution></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lebedev Institute of Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Физический институт им. П.Н. Лебедева РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kurchatov Institute National Research Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский центр “Курчатовский институт”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-05-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>395</fpage><lpage>403</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, М. Демянский, А. Дорошкевич, Т. Ларченкова</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, М. Демянский, А. Дорошкевич, Т. Ларченкова</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">М. Демянский, А. Дорошкевич, Т. Ларченкова</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">М. Демянский, А. Дорошкевич, Т. Ларченкова</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0004-6299/article/view/647510">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0004-6299/article/view/647510</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An analysis of the absorption lines observed in the spectra of quasars makes it possible to study the evolution of the structure of the Universe up to redshifts z∼5. The observed clustering of C IV lines demonstrates the multiple birth of low-mass galaxies in separate structural elements—filaments and “pancakes.” This ensures their subsequent regular hierarchical merger in the central galaxy or group of galaxies. Remnants of the early “pancakes” are observed today as the Local Group, groups around the Andromeda and Centaurus galaxies, and other small groups of galaxies. In turn, the observed clustering of Lyman-alpha lines shows that starless dark matter (DM) halos are also formed in structural elements and their hierarchical clustering leads to the formation of massive starless dark matter halos of moderate density, which also appear in numerical models.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181323810816">Анализ линий поглощения, наблюдаемых в спектрах квазаров, позволяет изучать эволюцию структуры Вселенной вплоть до красных смещений \(z \sim 5\). Наблюдаемое скучивание линий C IV демонстрирует множественное рождение маломассивных галактик в отдельных структурных элементах – филаментах и “блинах”. Это обеспечивает их последующее регулярное иерархическое слияние в центральной галактике или группе галактик. Остатки ранних “блинов” наблюдаются сегодня как Местная Группа, группы вокруг галактик Андромеда и Центавр, и другие небольшие группы галактик. В свою очередь наблюдаемое скучивание линий Лайман-альфа показывает, что беззвездные гало темной материи (ТМ) также образуются в структурных элементах и их иерархическое скучивание приводит к образованию массивных беззвездных гало ТМ умеренной плотности, которые возникают также в численных моделях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>quasars</kwd><kwd>spectral studies</kwd><kwd>structure of galaxies</kwd><kwd>structure of the Universe</kwd><kwd>dark matter</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>квазары</kwd><kwd>спектральные исследования</kwd><kwd>строение галактик</kwd><kwd>структура Вселенной</kwd><kwd>темная материя</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ya. Zeldovich, Astron. and Astrophys. 5, 84, (1970).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Я. Зельдович, И. 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