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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Astronomy Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Astronomy Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Астрономический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0004-6299</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5170</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">647523</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0004629923050080</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">YWZIDE</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of Dust Evaporation and Thermal Instability on Temperature Distribution in a Protoplanetary Disk</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние испарения пыли и тепловой неустойчивости на распределение температуры в протопланетном диске</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlyuchenkov</surname><given-names>Ya. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлюченков</surname><given-names>Я. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>pavyar@inasan.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimkin</surname><given-names>V. V,</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимкин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>pavyar@inasan.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Topchieva</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Топчиева</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>pavyar@inasan.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyov</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьев</surname><given-names>Э. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>pavyar@inasan.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт астрономии Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-05-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>427</fpage><lpage>440</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Я.Н. Павлюченков, В.В. Акимкин, А.П. Топчиева, Э.И. Воробьев</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Я.Н. Павлюченков, В.В. Акимкин, А.П. Топчиева, Э.И. Воробьев</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Я.Н. Павлюченков, В.В. Акимкин, А.П. Топчиева, Э.И. Воробьев</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Я.Н. Павлюченков, В.В. Акимкин, А.П. Топчиева, Э.И. Воробьев</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0004-6299/article/view/647523">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0004-6299/article/view/647523</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The thermal instability of accretion disks is widely used to explain the activity of cataclysmic variables, but its manifestation in gas and dust disks in young stars has been studied in less detail. A semi-analytical stationary model is presented for calculating the equatorial temperature of a gas and dust disk around a young star. The model considers the opacity caused by dust and gas, as well as the evaporation of dust at temperatures above 1000 K. Using this model, the distributions of the equatorial temperature of the gas and dust disk are calculated under various assumptions on the source of opacity and the presence of dust. It is shown that when all the above processes are considered, the thermal balance equation in the region r&lt;1 AU has multiple temperature solutions. Thus, the conditions for thermal instability are satisfied in this region. As an illustration of the possible influence of instability on the nature of accretion in a protoplanetary disk, we consider a viscous disk model with α-parametrization of turbulent viscosity. It is shown that in such a model a non-stationary mode of disk evolution is realized with alternating phases of accumulation of matter in the inner disk and phases of its rapid accretion onto the star, which leads to a burst character of accretion. The results obtained indicate the need to take this instability into account when modeling the evolution of protoplanetary disks.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181324594688">Тепловая неустойчивость аккреционных дисков широко используется для объяснения активности катаклизмических переменных, однако ее проявление в газопылевых дисках у молодых звезд исследовалось менее подробно. Представлена полуаналитическая стационарная модель для расчета экваториальной температуры газопылевого диска вокруг молодой звезды. В модели учитывается непрозрачность, обусловленная пылью и газом, а также испарение пыли при температурах свыше 1000 K. С помощью данной модели рассчитаны распределения экваториальной температуры газопылевого диска при различных предположениях об источнике непрозрачности и присутствия пыли. Показано, что при учете всех рассмотренных процессов уравнение теплового баланса в области \(r &lt; 1\) а.е. имеет множественные температурные решения. Таким образом, в этой области реализуются условия для тепловой неустойчивости. В качестве иллюстрации возможного влияния неустойчивости на характер аккреции в протопланетном диске рассмотрена модель вязкого диска с \(\alpha \)-параметризацией турбулентной вязкости. Продемонстрировано, что в такой модели реализуется нестационарный режим эволюции диска с чередующимися фазами накопления вещества во внутреннем диске и фазами его быстрого сброса на звезду, что приводит к вспышечному характеру аккреции. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о необходимости учета данной неустойчивости при моделировании эволюции протопланетных дисков.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>modeling</kwd><kwd>accretion disks</kwd><kwd>protoplanetary disks</kwd><kwd>thermal instability</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>моделирование</kwd><kwd>аккреционные диски</kwd><kwd>протопланетные диски</kwd><kwd>тепловая неустойчивость</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>P. J. Armitage, arXiv:2201.07262 [astro-ph.HE] (2022).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>J. Bae, A. Isella, Z. Zhu, R. Martin, S. Okuzumi, and S. Suriano, arXiv:2210.13314 [astro-ph.EP] (2022).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>J.-M. Hameury, Adv. 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