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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Astronomy Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Astronomy Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Астрономический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0004-6299</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5170</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">647632</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0004629924060031</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JMNESJ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The evolutionary status of the Galaxy’s X-ray binary stars</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эволюционный статус рентгеновских двойных звезд Галактики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tutukov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тутуков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>atutukov@inasan.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>afed@inasan.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт астрономии Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>523</fpage><lpage>535</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, The Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0004-6299/article/view/647632">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0004-6299/article/view/647632</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the analysis of the evolutionary status of the X-ray binary stars of the Galaxy. It is shown that the assumption of the conservative evolution of these binary systems leads to an overestimation of the X-ray luminosity of the Galaxy by 3–4 orders. The total observed rate of accretion of matter by relativistic components of X-ray binaries is close to <math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>~</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup><msub><mi>M</mi><mo>⊙</mo></msub></math>/yr, while the theoretically possible rate reaches <math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>~</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><msub><mi>M</mi><mo>⊙</mo></msub></math>/yr. The contradiction between these estimates is eliminated if two factors are taken into account. The first of them is the formation of a common envelope in massive X-ray binary systems after filling the Roche lobe by the donor and the brief phase of a bright X-ray source. The common envelope eliminates the output of X-ray radiation generated during accretion, and also leads to the loss of part of the donor’s matter from the system. The second factor is the presence of intense stellar wind of donors in massive X-ray binary, as well as the occurrence of induced stellar wind in low-mass donors due to exposure to hard radiation from an accreting relativistic star. At the same time, the generally accepted assumption that donors of X-ray binaries fill their Roche lobes may not be fulfilled. A significant part of the donor’s wind matter may be lost from the system. In addition, radiation can enhance the stellar wind of the accretion disk, and part of this wind will also leave the system. There are other factors that reduce the total number of accreted matter: supernova explosions in X-ray binaries, destroying part of these systems, the impossibility of accretion onto rapidly rotating young neutron stars with a strong magnetic field, as well as a rapid drop in the rate of loss of matter by the donor as its mass decreases, characteristic for low-mass X-ray systems.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Выполнен анализ эволюционного статуса рентгеновских двойных звезд Галактики. Показано, что предположение о консервативной эволюции этих двойных систем ведет к переоценке рентгеновской светимости Галактики на 3–4 порядка. Общая наблюдаемая скорость аккреции вещества релятивистскими компонентами рентгеновских двойных близка к <math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>~</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup><msub><mi>M</mi><mo>⊙</mo></msub></math>/год, в то время как теоретически возможная скорость достигает <math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>~</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><msub><mi>M</mi><mo>⊙</mo></msub></math>/год. Противоречие между этими оценками устраняется, если принять во внимание два фактора. Первый из них — образование общей оболочки в массивных рентгеновских двойных системах после заполнения их донором своей полости Роша и краткой фазы яркого рентгеновского источника. Общая оболочка исключает выход генерируемого при аккреции рентгеновского излучения, а также приводит к потере части вещества донора из системы. Второй фактор — наличие интенсивного звездного ветра у массивных доноров рентгеновских двойных, а также возникновение у маломассивных доноров индуцированного звездного ветра из-за облучения жестким излучением аккрецирующей релятивистской звезды. При этом общепринятое предположение о том, что доноры рентгеновских двойных заполняют свои полости Роша, может не выполняться. Значительная часть вещества ветра донора может быть потеряна из системы. Кроме того, облучение может усилить звездный ветер аккреционного диска, и часть этого ветра также покинет систему. Имеются и другие факторы, уменьшающие общее количество аккрецированного вещества: взрывы сверхновых в рентгеновских двойных системах, разрушающие часть этих систем, невозможность аккреции на быстро вращающиеся молодые нейтронные звезды с сильным магнитным полем, а также характерное для маломассивных рентгеновских систем быстрое падение темпа потери вещества донором по мере уменьшения его массы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>close binaries</kwd><kwd>X-ray luminosity of the Galaxy</kwd><kwd>X-ray binaries</kwd><kwd>accretion</kwd><kwd>stellar wind</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тесные двойные системы</kwd><kwd>рентгеновская светимость Галактики</kwd><kwd>рентгеновские двойные системы</kwd><kwd>аккреция</kwd><kwd>звездный ветер</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>H. Chiu and E. E. Salpeter, Phys. Rev. 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