<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Astronomy Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Astronomy Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Астрономический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0004-6299</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5170</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">647669</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0004629924090065</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">IAUUUV</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Proton fluxes of solar-type stars with planetary systems</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценки величин потоков протонов для звезд солнечного типа с планетными системами</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savanov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саванов</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>isavanov@inasan.rssi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ Российской академии наук Институт астрономии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>860</fpage><lpage>864</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, The Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0004-6299/article/view/647669">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0004-6299/article/view/647669</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The previously developed method for estimating of the parameters of proton fluxes from flare energies for the Sun was applied to data on the flare activity of solar-type stars. The results obtained will be used to assess the radiation situation in a stellar system containing exoplanets. In our analysis we used catalog data on flares of solar-type stars obtained from observations with Kepler telescope. The empirical relations between the energy of X-ray flares and the proton flux for the Sun was extended to the case of stellar flares, similar to what was done previously in the case of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The method used has limitations caused by the extension of the solar analogy to other stars as well as the uncertainties that arise when applying scaling methods. It was found that the characteristic values of the proton flux for solar-type stars can be one order of magnitude higher than the estimates for the Sun. Prospects for the development of alternative methods for estimating proton fluxes in the vicinity of stars of late spectral types are discussed (for example, by studying the behavior of Si IV and He II emission lines in the far ultraviolet range).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Разработанная ранее для Солнца методика оценок параметров потоков протонов по энергии вспышек применена к данным о вспышечной активности звезд солнечного типа. Полученные результаты найдут применение для оценки радиационной обстановки в звездной системе, содержащей экзопланеты. В исследовании были использованы данные каталога о вспышках звезд солнечного типа, полученные по результатам наблюдений телескопа Кеплер. Эмпирическая зависимость между энергией вспышек в рентгеновском диапазоне и потоком протонов для Солнца была распространена на случай звездных вспышек, аналогично тому, как это было сделано ранее в случае анализа корональных выбросов массы (СМЕ). Используемый метод имеет ограничения, вызванные распространением солнечной аналогии на другие звезды, а также неопределенностями, возникающими при применении масштабирования в скорректированном соотношении. Получено, что характерные величины потока протонов для звезд солнечного типа могут на один порядок превышать оценки для Солнца. Отмечены перспективы развития альтернативных методов оценки величин потоков протонов в окрестности звезд поздних спектральных классов (например, по изучению поведения линий излучения Si IV и He II в дальнем ультрафиолетовом диапазоне).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stars</kwd><kwd>solar analogs</kwd><kwd>activity</kwd><kwd>flares</kwd><kwd>proton fluxes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>звезды</kwd><kwd>солнечные аналоги</kwd><kwd>активность</kwd><kwd>вспышки</kwd><kwd>потоки протонов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный центр физики и математики</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">National Centre for Physics and Mathematics</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>V. S. Airapetian, R. Barnes, O. Cohen, G. A. Collinson, et al., Intern. J. Astrobiology 19(2), 136 (2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>A. Papaioannou, I. Sandberg, A. Anastasiadis, A. Kouloumvakos, et al., J. Space Weath. and Space Climat 6, id. A42 (2016).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>D. V. Reames, Space Sci. Rev. 217(6), id. 72 (2021).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>E. W. Cliver, C. J. Schrijver, K. Shibata, and I. G. Usoskin, Liv. Rev. Solar Physics 19(1), id. 2 (2022).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>V. Kurt, A. Belov, H. Mavromichalaki, and M. Gerontidou, Ann. Geophysicae 22(6), 2255 (2004).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>I. G. Usoskin, B. Kromer, F. Ludlow, J. Beer, M. Friedrich, G. A. Kovaltsov, S. K. Solanki, and L. Wacker, Astron. and Astrophys. 552, id. L3 (2013).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>A. Papaioannou, K. Herbst, T. Ramm, E. W. Cliver, D. Lario, and A. M. Veronig, Astron. and Astrophys. 671, id. A66 (2023).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>A. N. Aarnio, S. P. Matt, and K. G. Stassun, 760(1), id. 9 (2012).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>M. N. Günther, Z. Zhan, S. Seager, P. B. Rimmer, et al., Astron. J. 159(2), id. 60 (2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>K. Namekata, T. Sakaue, K. Watanabe, A. Asai, et al., 851(2), id. 91 (2017).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>S. Okamoto, Y. Notsu, H. Maehara, K. Namekata, S. Honda, K. Ikuta, D. Nogami, and K. Shibata, 906(2), id. 72 (2021).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>A. Struminsky and A. Sadovski, in Stars: From Collapse to Collapse, Proc. of a conference held at Special Astrophysical Observatory, Nizhny Arkhyz, Russia 3–7 October 2016; edited by Yu. Yu. Balega, D. O. Kudryavtsev, I. I. Romanyuk, and I. A. Yakunin (San Francisco: Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2017), 510, 105 (2017).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>L. I. Miroshnichenko, Physics Uspekhi 61(4), 323 (2018).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>I. S. Savanov, Astron. Letters 46(12), 831 (2020).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>A. Youngblood, K. France, R. O. P. Loyd, A. Brown, et al., 843(1), id. 31 (2017).</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
