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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Astronomy Reports</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Astronomy Reports</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Астрономический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0004-6299</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5170</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">686611</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0004629925040037</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FYMXXS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DENSE CLUMPS AT DIFFERENT EVOLUTIONARY STAGES IN SEVERAL REGIONS OF MASSIVE STAR AND STELLAR CLUSTER FORMATION</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ПЛОТНЫХ СГУСТКОВ НА РАЗНЫХ СТАДИЯХ ЭВОЛЮЦИИ В НЕСКОЛЬКИХ ОБЛАСТЯХ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ МАССИВНЫХ ЗВЕЗД И ЗВЕЗДНЫХ СКОПЛЕНИЙ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pazukhin</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пазухин</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>a.pazuhin@ipfran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinchenko</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинченко</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>zin@ipfran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trofimova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трофимова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>tea@ipfran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center A. V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт прикладной физики им. А. В. Гапонова-Грехова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н. И. Лобачевского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 102, NO4 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 102, №4 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>262</fpage><lpage>280</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-03"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, The Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0004-6299/article/view/686611">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0004-6299/article/view/686611</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Massive stars play an important role in the Universe. Unlike low-mass stars, the formation of these objects located at great distances is still unclear. It is expected to be governed by some combination of self-gravity, turbulence, and magnetic fields. Our aim is to study the chemical and physical conditions of dense clumps at different evolutionary stages. We performed observations towards 5 regions of massive star and stellar cluster formation (L1287, S187, S231, DR 21(OH), NGC 7538) with the IRAM-30m telescope. We covered the 2 and 3–4 mm wavelength bands and analysed the lines of HCN, HNC, HCO+, HC3N, HNCO, OCS, CS, SiO, SO2, and SO. Using astrodendro algorithm on the 850 μm dust emission data from the SCUBA Legacy catalogue, we determined the masses, H2 column densities, and sizes of the clumps. Furthermore, the kinetic temperatures, molecular abundances, and dynamical state were obtained. The Red Midcourse Space Experiment Source survey (RMS) was used to determine the clump types. A total of 20 clumps were identified. Three clumps were found to be associated with the H II regions, 10 with young stellar objects (YSOs), and 7 with submillimetre emission. The clumps have typical sizes of ∼ 0.2 pc and masses from 1 to 102 𝑀⊙, kinetic temperatures of ∼ 20 − 40 K and line widths of H13CO+ (1–0) ∼ 2 km/s. We found no significant correlation in the line “width-size” and the “line width-mass” relationships. However, a strong correlation is observed in “mass-size” relationships. The virial analysis indicated that three clumps are gravitationally bound. Furthermore, we suggested that significant magnetic fields, ∼ 1 mG, provide additional support for clump stability. The molecular abundances (relation to H2) are ∼ 10−10 − 10−8.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Массивные звезды играют важную роль во Вселенной. В отличие от маломассивных звезд, процесс образования этих объектов, находящихся на больших расстояниях, остается недостаточно изученным. Предполагается, что процесс поддерживается некоторой взаимосвязью между самогравитацией, турбулентностью и магнитным полем. В данной работе мы исследуем физикохимические характеристики плотных сгустков в зависимости от стадии эволюции. Наблюдательные данные были получены с помощью телескопа IRAM-30m и включают 5 областей образования массивных звезд и звездных скоплений (L1287, S187, S231, DR 21(OH), NGC 7538). Данные охватывают диапазоны длин волн 2 и 3–4 мм, которые включают линии молекул HCN, HNC, HCO+, HC3N, HNCO, OCS, CS, SiO, SO2 и SO. Применяя метод дендрограмм к данным излучения пыли SCUBA на 850 мкм, мы определили массы и размеры сгустков. Также мы определили кинетические температуры, содержания молекул и динамические состояния сгустков. С помощью каталога RMS мы определили их эволюционную стадию. Всего было выделено 20 сгустков. Три сгустка ассоциированы с H II областями, 10 — с молодыми звездными объектами (МЗО), и 7 — с субмиллиметровым излучением. Сгустки имеют размеры около 0.2 пк и массы от 1 до 102 𝑀⊙, кинетические температуры в диапазоне от 20 до 40 K и среднюю ширину в линии H13CO+ (1–0) около 2 км/с. Мы не обнаружили значимой корреляции в соотношениях “ширина линии — размер” и “ширина линии — масса”. Однако в соотношении “масса-размер” наблюдается сильная корреляция. С помощью вириального анализа обнаружено, что три сгустка гравитационно связаны. Мы предполагаем, что магнитное поле около 1 мГc может оказывать дополнительную поддержку стабильности этих сгустков. Относительная концентрация наблюдавшихся молекул (по отношению к H2) составляет порядка 10−10–10−8.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>star formation</kwd><kwd>interstellar medium</kwd><kwd>molecular clouds</kwd><kwd>interstellar molecules</kwd><kwd>astrochemistry</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>звездообразование</kwd><kwd>межзвездная среда</kwd><kwd>молекулярные облака</kwd><kwd>межзвездные молекулы</kwd><kwd>астрохимия</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>. F. Motte, S. Bontemps, and F. Louvet, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 56, 41 (2018), arXiv:1706.00118 [astro-ph.GA].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>H. Zinnecker and H.W. Yorke, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 45(1), 481 (2007), arXiv:0707.1279 [astro-ph].</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>R.B. Larson, Monthly Not. Roy. Astron. 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