Advances in Chemical PhysicsAdvances in Chemical PhysicsФизиология растений0015-33033034-6126The Russian Academy of Sciences64812710.31857/S0015330322600541GKXQOWОБЗОРЫResearch ArticlePossible Physiological Mechanisms of Leaf Photodamage in Plants Grown under Continuous LightingВозможные физиологические механизмы фотоповреждения листьев растений в условиях круглосуточного освещенияShibaevaT. G.ШибаеваТ. Г.
Russian Federation
shibaeva@krc.karelia.ruMamaevA. V.МамаевА. В.
Russian Federation
shibaeva@krc.karelia.ruTitovA. F.ТитовА. Ф.
Russian Federation
shibaeva@krc.karelia.ruInstitute of Biology, Karelian Research Center, Russian Academy of SciencesФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт биологии Карельского научного центра Российской академии наук, Федеральный исследовательский центр “Карельский научный центр РАН”0103202370214815928012025Copyright ©; 2023, Т.Г. Шибаева, А.В. Мамаев, А.Ф. ТитовCopyright ©; 2023, Т.Г. Шибаева, А.В. Мамаев, А.Ф. Титов2023Т.Г. Шибаева, А.В. Мамаев, А.Ф. ТитовТ.Г. Шибаева, А.В. Мамаев, А.Ф. Титовhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0015-3303/article/view/648127

Unlike the natural photoperiod that includes the alternation of day and night in the diurnal cycle, continuous (24 h a day) lighting provides uninterrupted supply of light energy required for photosynthesis, permanently promotes photooxidative processes, implies continuous signaling to the photoreceptors, and desynchronizes the internal circadian biorhythms from the external light/dark cycle (circadian asynchrony). The leaves of many plant species grown under constinuous lighting are prone to characteristic and potentially lethal interveinal chlorosis and necrosis. The photodamage of plant leaves exposed to long photoperiods, including daily 24-h illumination was described more than 90 years ago, but the causes of this phenomenon are still not entirely clear. Biological bases underlying this phenomenon are theoretically and practically important, because growing plants under a 24-h photoperiod at a relatively low photon flux density is seemingly an effective way to save resources and increase plant productivity in greenhouses and plant factories with artificial lighting. This review of available literature compiles and evaluates the arguments both supporting and confronting the hypothesis that carbohydrate accumulation, specifically the hyperaccumulation of starch in leaves, is the main cause of photodamage to plants grown under continuous lighting or long photoperiods. The analysis of a large number of studies indicates that the accumulation of carbohydrates is neither the main nor the only cause of leaf injuries in plants grown under a 24-h photoperiod, although the role of this factor in photodamage cannot be ruled out. The appearance and development of photodamage under a 24-h photoperiod is presumably due to several simultaneously acting factors, such as photooxidation, stress-induced senescence, and circadian asynchrony. The contribution of individual factors to photodamage may vary substantially depending on environmental conditions and biological properties of the object (plant species and variety, plant age, and the stage of development).

В противоположность естественному фотопериоду, включающему чередование дня и ночи в суточном цикле, круглосуточное освещение обеспечивает непрерывное поступление световой энергии, необходимой для фотосинтеза, вызывает постоянное фотоокислительное воздействие, сигнальное воздействие на фоторецепторы и приводит к рассогласованию внутренних (циркадных) биоритмов с внешним циклом свет/темнота (циркадная асинхрония). У многих видов растений в условиях круглосуточного освещения развивается характерный и потенциально летальный межжилковый хлороз и некроз. Данный феномен (фотоповреждение листьев растений в условиях длинных фотопериодов, включая круглосуточное освещение) был описан более 90 лет назад, однако причины этого до сих пор не вполне ясны. Хотя понимание его биологической природы важно не только в теоретическом плане, но и с практической точки зрения, поскольку выращивание растений в условиях круглосуточного освещения при относительно невысокой плотности потока фотонов считается потенциально одним из наиболее эффективных способов экономии ресурсов и повышения продуктивности растений в теплицах и на фабриках растений с искусственным освещением. В обзоре обобщены и проанализированы имеющиеся на сегодняшний день литературные и собственные данные в поддержку или опровержение гипотезы о накоплении углеводов и, в частности, гипераккумуляции крахмала, в листьях как основной причине появления фотоповреждений у растений, находящихся в условиях круглосуточного освещения или длинных фотопериодов. Проведенный анализ большого числа работ свидетельствует о том, что накопление углеводов не является главной и тем более единственной причиной повреждения листьев растений при круглосуточном освещении, хотя и исключить роль этого фактора в развитии фотоповреждений тоже нельзя. По мнению авторов, в процессе появления и развития фотоповреждений, вызванных круглосуточным освещением, участвует не один, а несколько факторов одновременно (фотоокисление, стресс-индуцированное старение, циркадная асинхрония и др.). При этом удельный вклад каждого из них может существенно варьировать в зависимости от биологических особенностей объекта (видовая и сортовая принадлежность, возраст и фаза развития) и условий внешней среды.

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