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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Advances in Chemical Physics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Advances in Chemical Physics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиология растений</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0015-3303</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6126</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">698776</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S3034624X25020011</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Respiratory Response of <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic> Plants with <italic>NPQ1</italic> Suppression to High Light: Some Aspects of the Functional Interaction of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>РЕАКЦИЯ ДЫХАНИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ <italic>ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA</italic> С ПОДАВЛЕНИЕМ <italic>NPQ1</italic> НА ПОВЫШЕННУЮ ОСВЕЩЕННОСТЬ: НЕКОТОРЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ХЛОРОПЛАСТОВ И МИТОХОНДРИЙ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Garmash</surname><given-names>E. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гармаш</surname><given-names>Е. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>garmash@ib.komisc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yadrikhinskiy</surname><given-names>K. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ядрихинский</surname><given-names>К. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelyakin</surname><given-names>M. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелякин</surname><given-names>М. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belykh</surname><given-names>E. S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белых</surname><given-names>Е. С</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Silina</surname><given-names>E. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силина</surname><given-names>Е. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyshev</surname><given-names>R. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малышев</surname><given-names>Р. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biology Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>72</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 72, NO2 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 72, №2 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-16"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-03-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0015-3303/article/view/698776">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0015-3303/article/view/698776</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The energy-dissipating systems (EDS) of a photosynthetic cell — the violaxanthin cycle (VXC) in chloroplasts and the alternative respiratory pathway (AP) in mitochondria — are involved in protecting against excess light energy. The mechanisms of functional interaction of EDS are poorly understood. The aim was to study the effect of high light on respiration and AP activity in <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic> plants with suppression of <italic>NPQ1</italic> encoding the VXC enzyme — violaxanthine de-epoxidase. Four-week-old plants of <italic>npq1</italic> line and Columbia-0 wild type line (Col-0) grown at 90 mmol/(m<sup>2</sup> s) were exposed to high light, 400 mmol/(m<sup>2</sup> s), for 8 hours. Under stress conditions, the <italic>npq1</italic> line showed significantly lower values of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and the level of de-epoxidation compared to the wild-type line (Col-0), which indicated the absence of zeaxanthin-dependent protection of the photosynthetic apparatus. The plants of the mutant line reacted to high light by increasing respiration due to activation of both alternative and cytochrome pathways. At the same time, the part of AP from total respiration in the <italic>npq1</italic> line was consistently high and amounted to about 50%, regardless of the light conditions. Activation of AP and accumulation of the alternative oxidase (AOX) protein were obviously facilitated by increased expression of most AOX genes, the level of transcripts of which was higher under control conditions (0 h), but decreased by the end of the experiment. At the same time, the amount of mRNA of the most stress-inducible AOX1a gene was the lowest among all AOX genes. It is assumed that in the <italic>npq1</italic> line the signaling pathway supported by the transcriptional factor of MYB4, a negative regulator of phenylpropanoid synthesis, is weakened. This could be the reason for the low expression of AOX1a, which contains a large number of MYB4-binding sites in the promoter, and an increased content of anthocyanins in leaves compared to Col-0. Unlike Col-0 plants, the <italic>npq1</italic> line was characterized by half the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), with a predominance of Fe-SOD localized mainly in chloroplasts. However, based on the content of superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide, plants of the <italic>npq1</italic> line showed a higher level of oxidative reactions in high-light conditions compared with the wild type line. The data obtained showed a reduced ability of plants with suppression of the genes of two key components of energy-dissipating systems (<italic>NPQ1</italic> and <italic>AOX1a</italic>) to withstand stress. The results indicate the mutual regulation of the EDS of mitochondria and chloroplasts to protect against photooxidation, the importance of AOX in the modulation of respiratory function, and the existence of fast adaptive metabolic rearrangements that provide plant viability under stressful conditions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Энергодиссипирующие системы (ЭДС) фотосинтезирующей клетки — виолаксантиновый цикл (ВКЦ) в хлоропластах и альтернативный путь дыхания (АП) в митохондриях — участвуют в защите от избытка световой энергии. Механизмы функционального взаимодействия ЭДС слабо исследованы. В работе изучено влияние повышенной освещенности (400 мкмоль ФАР/(м<sup>2</sup> с) на дыхание и вовлечение АП у растений <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic> с подавлением <italic>NPQ1</italic>, кодирующим фермент ВКЦ — виолаксантиндеэпоксидазу. Четырехнедельные растения линии <italic>npq1</italic> и дикого типа Columbia-0 (Col-0), выращенные при 90 мкмоль/(м<sup>2</sup> с) и используемые в качестве контроля, подвергали воздействию света высокой интенсивности, 400 мкмоль/(м<sup>2</sup> с), в течение 8 ч. В ходе эксперимента определяли активность дыхательных путей, относительное содержание транскриптов генов, активность супероксиддисмутазы, содержание супероксид анион-радикала, пероксида водорода, антоцианов. В условиях стресса линия <italic>npq1</italic> демонстрировала значительно более низкие величины нефотохимического тушения флуоресценции хлорофилла и уровня деэпоксидации в сравнении с линией дикого типа (Col-0), что свидетельствовало об отсутствии реализации зеаксантин-зависимой защиты фотосинтетического аппарата. Растения мутантной линии реагировали на повышенную освещенность усилением дыхания за счет активации транспорта электронов по обоим путям: альтернативному и цитохромному. При этом доля АП от общего дыхания в линии <italic>npq1</italic> была стабильно высокой и составляла около 50% независимо от условий светового режима. Активации АП и накоплению белка альтернативной оксидазы (AOX), очевидно, способствовало усиление экспрессии большинства генов AOX, уровень содержания транскриптов которых был выше в контрольных условиях (0 ч), но снижался к концу эксперимента. При этом количество мРНК наиболее стресс-индуцибельного гена AOX1a было самым низким среди всех генов AOX. Сделано предположение об ослаблении в линии <italic>npq1</italic> сигнального пути, поддерживаемого транскрипционным фактором MYB4 — негативным регулятором синтеза фенилпропаноидов. Это могло стать причиной низкой экспрессии AOX1a, содержащего в промоторе большое количество MYB4-связывающих сайтов, и повышенного по сравнению с Col-0 содержания антоцианов в листьях. В отличие от растений Col-0, линия npq1 характеризовалась вдвое меньшей активностью супероксиддисмутазы (СОД) с преобладанием локализованной преимущественно в хлоропластах Fe-СОД. Однако, судя по содержанию супероксид анион-радикала и пероксида водорода, растения линии <italic>npq1</italic> в условиях повышенной освещенности демонстрировали более высокий уровень окислительных реакций по сравнению с линией дикого типа. Полученные данные свидетельствовали о пониженной способности растений с подавлением генов двух ключевых компонентов энергодиссипирующих систем (<italic>NPQ1</italic> и <italic>AOX1a</italic>) противостоять стрессу. Результаты указывают на взаиморегуляцию ЭДС митохондрий и хлоропластов для защиты от фотоокисления, участие AOX в модуляции дыхательной функции и существование быстрых адаптивных перестроек метаболизма, обеспечивающих жизнеспособность растений в стрессовых условиях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Arabidopsis thaliana</kwd><kwd>npq1 mutant line</kwd><kwd>violaxanthine de-epoxidase</kwd><kwd>high light</kwd><kwd>respiration</kwd><kwd>alternative oxidase (AOX)</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>content of AOX gene transcripts</kwd><kwd>superoxide dismutase</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Arabidopsis thaliana</kwd><kwd>линия с подавлением NPQ1</kwd><kwd>альтернативная оксидаза (AOX)</kwd><kwd>виолаксантиндезпоксидаза</kwd><kwd>дыхание</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd><kwd>повышенная освещенность</kwd><kwd>содержание транскриптов генов AOX</kwd><kwd>супероксиддисмутаза</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the theme of the State Budget “Physiological and molecular mechanisms of integration of cellular processes and the integrity of a plant organism: photosynthesis and respiration” (registration no. 125020301262-2).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках темы госбюджетных НИОКТР “Физиологические и молекулярные механизмы интеграции клеточных процессов и целостности растительного организма: фотосинтез и дыхание” (№ 125020301262-2).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Demmig-Adams B. 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