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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Geomagnetism and Aeronomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Geomagnetism and Aeronomy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Геомагнетизм и аэрономия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-7940</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5022</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">681547</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016794024060032</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">QOQMPN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Calculation of Geomagnetic Cutoff Rigidity Using Tracing Based on the Buneman–Boris Method</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Расчет жесткости геомагнитного обрезания с помощью трейсинга на основе метода Бунемана−Бориса</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kruchinin</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кручинин</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kruchinin_01@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malakhov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малахов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vvmalakhov@mephi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubkov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубков</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>vlad10433@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mayorov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майоров</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>agmayorov@mephi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Engineering Physics Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский инженерно-физический институт</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>750</fpage><lpage>759</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-30"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-7940/article/view/681547">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-7940/article/view/681547</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The work includes the development of a method for determining the rigidity of geomagnetic cutoff based on tracing charged particles in the Earth’s magnetic field using the particle-in-cell method, implemented in the Buneman–Boris scheme. To test the method, calculations of the geomagnetic cutoff rigidity were carried out in the field of an ideal dipole and in the field specified by the IGRF model. In the first case, the obtained data were compared with analytical values. The calculation accuracy in this case was 3 MV. In the second case, the penumbra pattern was reproduced at different geographical points for different periods, and the stability of the method to small perturbations of the initial parameters was also investigated. As the main results of the work, maps of geomagnetic cutoff rigidity at the altitudes of low-orbit satellites for different directions in space, as well as their variations from 1900 to 2015, were constructed and analyzed<italic>.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Работа включает в себя разработку метода определения жесткости геомагнитного обрезания, основанного на трассировке заряженных частиц в магнитном поле Земли по методу частица-в-ячейке, реализованного в схеме Бунемана–Бориса. Для тестирования метода были проведены расчеты жесткости геомагнитного обрезания в поле идеального диполя и в поле, заданном моделью IGRF. В первом случае полученные данные сопоставлялись с аналитическими значениями. Точность расчета в этом случае составила 3 МВ. Во втором случае была воспроизведена картина полутени в различных географических точках, за различные периоды, а также исследована устойчивость метода к малым возмущениям начальных параметров. В качестве основных результатов в работе построены и проанализированы карты жесткости геомагнитного обрезания на высотах низкоорбитальных спутников для разных направлений в пространстве, а также их вариации с 1900 по 2015 года.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>geomagnetic cutoff rigidity</kwd><kwd>geomagnetic cutoff penumbraparticle tracing</kwd><kwd>Buneman–Boris method</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>жесткость геомагнитного обрезания</kwd><kwd>полутень геомагнитного обрезания</kwd><kwd>трассировка частиц</kwd><kwd>метод Бунемена-Бориса</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>19-72-10161</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Голубков В.С., Майоров А.Г. 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