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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Geomagnetism and Aeronomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Geomagnetism and Aeronomy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Геомагнетизм и аэрономия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-7940</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5022</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">681549</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016794024060051</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">QOOKKX</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Long-Term Trends in Ionospheric Indices оf Solar Activity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Долговременные тренды ионосферных индексов солнечной активности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Deminov</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деминов</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>deminov@izmiran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт земного магнетизма, ионосферы и распространения радиоволн им. Н.В. Пушкова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>771</fpage><lpage>777</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-30"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-7940/article/view/681549">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-7940/article/view/681549</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of identifying trends in the annual average ionospheric indices Δ<italic>IG</italic> and Δ<italic>T</italic> are presented, which were obtained after excluding from <italic>IG</italic> and <italic>T</italic> the dependence of these indices on the annual average solar activity indices. The solar activity indices were <italic>F</italic>10, <italic>Ly-</italic>a and <italic>MgII</italic> – solar radiation fluxes at 10.7 cm, in the Lyman-alpha line of hydrogen (121.567 nm) and the ratio of the central part to the flanks in the magnesium emission band 276-284 nm. Two-time intervals (in years), 1980–2012 and 2013–2023, are considered. It was found that for the interval 1980–2012 all analyzed linear trends were negative, i.e. Δ<italic>IG</italic> and Δ<italic>T</italic> values decreased over time. They were very weak and insignificant. Fluctuations of Δ<italic>IG</italic> and Δ<italic>T</italic> relative to trends for <italic>Ly-</italic>a were almost twice as large as for <italic>F</italic>10 and <italic>MgII</italic>. In the interval 2013–2023, all analyzed linear trends intensified and became significant, i.e. the rate of decrease in Δ<italic>IG</italic> and Δ<italic>T</italic> over time increased. For <italic>MgII</italic> this rate was almost twice as high as for <italic>F</italic>10. For the interval 2013–2023, the <italic>MgII</italic> index overestimated the contribution of solar radiation to ionospheric indices, especially during the growth phase of solar cycle 25, which began at the end of 2019. As a result, in the growth phase of solar cycle 25, the <italic>F</italic>10 index became a more adequate indicator of solar activity for ionospheric indices than <italic>MgII</italic>. In the interval 1980–2012, the <italic>F</italic>10 and <italic>MgII</italic> indices changed almost synchronously. The growth phase of solar cycle 25 was the first time this synchrony was disrupted for the entire period of <italic>MgII</italic> measurements.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Представлены результаты выделения трендов средних за год ионосферных индексов Δ<italic>IG</italic> и Δ<italic>T</italic>, которые получены после исключения из <italic>IG</italic> и <italic>T</italic> зависимости этих индексов от средних за год индексов солнечной активности. Индексами солнечной активности были <italic>F</italic>10, <italic>Ly-</italic>a и <italic>MgII</italic> – потоки излучения Солнца на 10.7 см, в линии Лайман-альфа водорода (121.567 нм) и отношение центральной части к флангам в полосе излучения магния 276–284 нм. Рассмотрены два интервала времени (в годах) 1980–2012 и 2013–2023. Получено, что для интервала 1980–2012 все анализируемые линейные тренды были отрицательны, т.е. величины Δ<italic>IG</italic> и Δ<italic>T</italic> уменьшались со временем. Они были очень слабыми и незначимыми. Флуктуации Δ<italic>IG</italic> и Δ<italic>T</italic> относительно трендов для <italic>Ly-</italic>a были почти вдвое больше, чем для <italic>F</italic>10 и <italic>MgII</italic>. В интервале 2013–2023 все анализируемые линейные тренды усилились и стали значимыми, т.е. увеличилась скорость уменьшения Δ<italic>IG</italic> и Δ<italic>T</italic> со временем. Для <italic>MgII</italic> эта скорость была почти в два раза больше, чем для <italic>F</italic>10. Для интервала 2013–2023 индекс <italic>MgII</italic> завышал вклад солнечного излучения в ионосферные индексы, особенно в фазу роста солнечного цикла 25, который начался в конце 2019 г. В результате, в фазу роста солнечного цикла 25 индекс <italic>F</italic>10 стал более адекватным, чем <italic>MgII</italic>, индикатором солнечной активности для ионосферных индексов. В интервале 1980–2012 индексы <italic>F</italic>10 и <italic>MgII</italic> изменялись почти синхронно. Фаза роста солнечного цикла 25 стала первым случаем нарушения этой синхронности за весь период измерения <italic>MgII</italic>.</p></trans-abstract><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>1021100714181-3</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Данилов А.Д., Константинова А.В. Долговременные вариации параметров средней и верхней атмосферы и ионосферы (обзор) // Геомагнетизм и аэрономия. Т. 60. № 4. С. 411–435. 2020. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0016794020040045</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Bilitza D. 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