<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Geomagnetism and Aeronomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Geomagnetism and Aeronomy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Геомагнетизм и аэрономия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-7940</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5022</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">684615</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016794025010031</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">AENOID</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Influence of processes on the Sun and in the interplanetary medium on the solar proton event on March 30, 2022</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние процессов на Солнце и в межпланетной среде на солнечное протонное событие 30.03.2022 г.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nav19iv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazilevskaya</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Базилевская</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nav19iv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ginzburg</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гинзбург</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nav19iv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Daibog</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дайбог</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nav19iv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalegaev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калегаев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Physics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Физический факультет</p></bio><email>nav19iv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaportseva</surname><given-names>K. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Капорцева</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Physics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Физический факультет</p></bio><email>nav19iv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Logachev</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логачев</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nav19iv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Myagkova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мягкова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nav19iv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт ядерной физики им. Д.В. Скобельцына Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова (НИИЯФ МГУ)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Физический институт им. П.Н. Лебедева РАН (ФИАН)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Fedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт прикладной геофизики им. акад. Е. К. Федорова Росгидромета (ИПГ Росгидромета)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова (МГУ)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт ядерной физики им. Д.В. Скобельцына Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова (НИИЯФ МГУ)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-16"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-7940/article/view/684615">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-7940/article/view/684615</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of a comparative analysis of the solar proton event on March 30, 2022, which has an unusual time profile of solar proton fluxes, with the previous and subsequent solar proton events (March 28, 2022 and April 02, 2022) are presented. Increases in energetic proton fluxes in interplanetary and near-Earth space are associated with successive solar X-ray flares M4.0, X1.3 and M3.9 and three halo-type coronal mass ejections. The work was done based on experimental data obtained from spacecraft located in interplanetary space (ACE, WIND, STEREO A, DSCOVR), in a circular polar orbit at an altitude of 850 km (Meteor-M2) and in geostationary orbit (GOES-16, Electro-L2). An explanation has been proposed for the features of the energetic proton flux profile in the solar proton event on March 30, 2022: protons accelerated in the flare on March 30, 2022 were partially screened by an interplanetary coronal mass ejection, the source of which was the explosive processes on the Sun on March 28, 2022; late registration of maximum proton fluxes, simultaneous for particles of different energies, is due to the arrival of particle fluxes inside an interplanetary coronal mass ejection. The spatial distribution of solar protons in near-Earth orbit was similar to the distribution at the Lagrange point <italic>L1,</italic> but with a delay of ~50 min.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Представлены результаты сравнительного анализа солнечного протонного события 30.03.2022 г., имеющего необычный временной профиль потоков солнечных протонов, с предыдущим и последующим солнечными протонными событиями: 28.03.2022 г. и 02.04.2022 г. Возрастания потоков энергичных протонов в межпланетном и в околоземном пространстве ассоциируются с последовательными солнечными вспышками рентгеновских баллов M4.0, X1.3 и M3.9 и тремя корональными выбросами массы типа гало. Работа сделана по экспериментальным данным, полученным с космических аппаратов, расположенных в межпланетном пространстве (ACE, WIND, STEREO A, DSCOVR), на круговой полярной орбите на высоте 850 км (Метеор-М2) и на геостационарной орбите (GOES-16, Электро-Л2). Предложено объяснение особенностей профиля потока энергичных протонов в солнечном протонном событии 30.03.2022 г.: протоны, ускоренные во вспышке 30.03.2022 г., были частично экранированы межпланетным корональным выбросом массы, источником которого стали взрывные процессы на Солнце 28.03.2022 г.; поздняя регистрация максимальных потоков протонов, одновременная для частиц разных энергий, обусловлена приходом потоков частиц внутри межпланетного коронального выброса массы. Пространственное распределение солнечных протонов на околоземной орбите было подобным распределению в точке Лагранжа <italic>L1</italic>, но с запаздыванием ~50 мин.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>solar proton event</kwd><kwd>solar flare</kwd><kwd>coronal mass ejection</kwd><kwd>solar wind</kwd><kwd>interplanetary magnetic field</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>солнечное протонное событие</kwd><kwd>солнечная вспышка</kwd><kwd>корональный выброс массы</kwd><kwd>солнечный ветер</kwd><kwd>межпланетное магнитное поле</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Базилевская Г.А., Дайбог Е.И., Логачев Ю.И. Изолированные события солнечных космических лучей, обусловленные приходом быстрых штормовых частиц (ESP) // Геомагнетизм и аэрономия. Т. 63. № 4. С. 503−510. 2023. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0016794023600254</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Дайбог Е.И., Логачев Ю.И., Кейлер С., Кечкемети К. Серии солнечных событий с одинаковыми спадами как инструмент для выделения квазистационарных состояний межпланетного пространства // Космич. исслед. Т. 42. № 4. С. 376–383. 2004.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Дайбог Е.И., Кечкемети К., Лазутин Л.Л., Логачев Ю.И., Сурова Г.М. 27-дневная периодичность потоков юпитерианских электронов на орбите Земли // Астрон. журн. Т. 94. № 12. С. 1062–1070. 2017. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0004629917120027</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Логачев Ю.И., Базилевская Г.А., Власова Н.А., Гинзбург Е.А., Дайбог Е.И., Ишков В.Н., Лазутин Л.Л., Нгуен М.Д., Сурова Г.М., Яковчук О.С. Каталог солнечных протонных событий 24-го цикла солнечной активности (2009−2019 гг.). Москва: МЦД, 970 с. 2022. https://doi.org/10.2205/ESDB-SAD-008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Любимов Г.П. Отражательная модель движения СКЛ в петлевых ловушках // Астрон. циркуляр АН СССР. № 1531. С. 19−20. 1988.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Любимов Г.П., Григоренко Е.Е. Об отражательной модели солнечных космических лучей // Космич. исслед. Т. 45. № 1. С. 12–19. 2007.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Паркер Е.Н. Динамические процессы в межпланетной среде / Под ред. Л.И. Дормана. М.: МИР, 1965.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Bazilevskaya G.A. Once again about origin of the solar cosmic rays // Journal of Physics: Conf. Series. V. 798. P. 012034. 2017. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/798/1/012034/pdf</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Bryant D.A., Cline T.L., Desai U.D., McDonald F.B. Explorer 12 observations of solar cosmic rays and energetic storm particles after the solar flare of September 28, 1961 // J. Geophys. Res. V. 67. № 13. P. 4983–5000. 1962. https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ067i013p04983</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Burlaga L., Sittler E., Mariani F., Schwenn R. Magnetic Loop Behind an Interplanetary Shock: Voyager, Helios, and IMP 8 Observations // J. Geophys. Res. V. 86. № A8. P. 6673–6684. 1981. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA086iA08p06673</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Burlaga L.F. Magnetic clouds and force-free fields with constant alpha // J. Geophys. Res., Space Physics. V. 93. № A7. P. 7217−7224. 1988. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA07p07217</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Cane H.V., Reames D.V., von Rosenvinge T.T. The role of interplanetary shocks in the longitude distribution of solar energetic particles // J. Geophys. Res. V. 93. № A9. P. 9555−9567. 1988. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA093iA09p09555</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Frassati F., Laurenza M., Bemporad A., West M.J., Mancuso S., Susino R., Alberti T., Romano P. Acceleration of Solar Energetic Particles through CME-driven Shock and Streamer Interaction // Astrophysical Journal. V. 926. № 2. P. 227−246. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac460e</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Gieseler J., Dresing N., Palmroos C. et al. Solar-MACH: An open-source tool to analyze solar magnetic connection configurations // Front. Astronomy Space Sci. V. 9. 2022. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/astronomy-and-space-sciences/articles/10.3389/fspas.2022.1058810/full</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Kahler S.W., Sheeley Jr. N.R., Howard R.A., Koomen M.J., Michels D.J., McGuire R.E., von Rosenvinge T.T., Reames D.V. Associations between coronal mass ejections and solar energetic proton events // J. Geophys. Res. V. 89. № A11. P. 9683−9693. 1984. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA089iA11p09683</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Kahler S.W., Reames D.V. Probing the Magnetic Topologies of Magnetic Clouds by Means of Solar Energetic Particles // J. Geophys. Res. V. 96. № A6. P. 9419−9424. 1991. https://doi.org/10.1029/91JA00659</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Kecskeméty K., Daibog E.I., Logachev Y.I., Kóta J. The decay phase of solar energetic particle events // J. Geophys. Res. V. 114. № A6. 2009. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2008JA013730</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Klein K.-L., Dalla S. Acceleration and Propagation of Solar Energetic Particles // Space Sci. Rev. V. 212. P. 1107–1136. 2017. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11214-017-0382-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Kocharov L., Kovaltsov G.A., Torsti J., Huttunen-Heikinmaa K. Modeling the solar energetic particle events in closed structures of interplanetary magnetic field // J. Geophys. Res. V. 110. № A12. 2005. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011082</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Lepping R.P., Jones J.A., Burlaga L.F. Magnetic Field Structure of Interplanetary Magnetic Clouds at 1 AU // J. Geophys. Res. V. 95. № A8. P. 11957−11965. 1990. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA095iA08p11957</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Marqué C., Posner A., Klein K.L. Solar energetic particles and radio-silent fast coronal mass ejections // Astrophys. J. V. 642. P. 1222–1235. 2006. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/501157</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Masson S., Démoulin P., Dasso S., Klein K.-L. The interplanetary magnetic structure that guides solar relativistic particles // Astron. &amp; Astrophys. V. 538. № A32. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201118145</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Meyer P., Parker E.N., Simson J.A. Solar Cosmic Rays of February, 1956 and Their Propagation through Interplanetary Space // Phys. Rev. V. 104. № 3. P. 768-783. 1956. https://journals.aps.org/pr/pdf/10.1103/PhysRev.104.768?casa_token=_yHvEAClLcEAAAAA%3AN2b4irIb6lbxj2NRvyjazm_9GMXbDKcHv9Y_ecZcJZzI_q0ZDfqSlQOwNxV7QCcsWNn_7OfaXp2VqmgB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Owens A.J. Interplanetary diffusion of solar cosmic rays—A new approximate analytic solution // J. Geophys. Res. V. 84. № A8. P. 4451 – 4456. 1979. https://doi.org/10.1029/JA084iA08p04451</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Pal S., Dash S., Nandy D. Flux erosion of magnetic clouds by reconnection with the Sun’s open flux // Geophys. Res. Lett. V. 47. № 8. e2019GL086372. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086372</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Reames D.V. Solar energetic particles: A paradigm shift // Rev. Geophys. V. 33. S1. P. 585−589. 1995. https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG00188</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Reames D.V. The two sources of solar energetic particles // Space Science Reviews. V. 175. P. 53–92. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-013-9958-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Reames D.V. Solar Energetic Particles. A Modern Primer on Understanding Sources, Acceleration and Propagation / Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Physics (LNP, volume 932) 2017.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Reames D.V. How Do Shock Waves Define the Space-Time Structure of Gradual Solar Energetic Particle Events? // Space Science Reviews. V. 219. A14. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-023-00959-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Reinard A.A., Biesecker D.A. Coronal mass ejection associated coronal dimmings // Astrophys. J. V. 674. P. 576−585. 2008. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/525269</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Richardson I.G. Energetic particles and corotating interaction regions in the solar wind // Space Science Reviews. V. 111. P. 267–376. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SPAC.0000032689.52830.3e</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Richardson I.G. Solar wind stream interaction regions throughout the heliosphere // Living Reviews in Solar Phys. V. 15. A1. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41116-017-0011-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Shen C., Wang Y., Ye P., Wang S. Enhancement of Solar Energetic Particles During a Shock – Magnetic Cloud Interacting Complex Structure // Solar Phys. V. 252. P. 409–418. 2008. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11207-008-9268-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Tan L.C., Malandraki O.E., Reames D.V., Ng C.K., Wang L., Dorrian G. Use of incident and reflected solar particle beams to trace the topology of magnetic clouds // Astrophys. J. V. 750. № 2. P. 146−167. 2012. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/146/meta</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Torsti J., Riihonen E., Kocharov L. The 1998 May 2–3 magnetic cloud: an interplanetary “highway” for solar energetic particles observed with SOHO/ERNE // Astrophys. J. V. 600. P. L83–L86. 2004. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/381575</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Vlasova N.A., Bazilevskaya G.A., Ginzburg E.A., Daibog E.I., Kalegaev V.V., Kaportseva K.B., Logachev Yu.I., Myagkova I.N. Solar Energetic Proton Fluxes in Near-Earth Space on March 13–23, 2023 // Cosmic Res. V. 62. № 2. C. 197−209. 2024. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0010952523600282</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Vörös Z., Varsani A., Yordanova E., Sasunov Y.L., Roberts O.W., Kis Á., Nakamura R., Narita Y. Magnetic reconnection within the boundary layer of a magnetic cloud in the solar wind // Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. V. 126. № 9. e2021JA029415. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029415</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Wu S.-S., Qin G. Magnetic Cloud and Sheath in the Ground-level Enhancement Event of 2000 July 14. I. Effects on the Solar Energetic Particles // Astrophys. J. V. 904. № 2. P. 151−159. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abc0f2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang M., Cheng L., Zhang J., Riley P., Kwon R.Y., Lario D., Balmaceda L., Pogorelov N.V. A Data-driven, Physics-based Transport Model of Solar Energetic Particles Accelerated by Coronal Mass Ejection Shocks Propagating through the Solar Coronal and Heliospheric Magnetic Fields // Astrophys. J.: Supplement Series. V. 266. № 2. P. 35−54. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/accb8e</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
