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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Geomagnetism and Aeronomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Geomagnetism and Aeronomy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Геомагнетизм и аэрономия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-7940</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5022</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">684620</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016794025010085</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ADUWBP</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Dynamics of the Weddel Sea anomaly and main ionospheric trough in the Southern Summer hemisphere</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Динамика аномалии моря Уэдделла и главного ионосферного провала в Южном летнем полушарии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpachev</surname><given-names>A. T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпачев</surname><given-names>А. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>karp@izmiran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт земного магнетизма, ионосферы и распространения радиоволн им. Н.В. Пушкова РАН (ИЗМИРАН)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>102</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-16"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-7940/article/view/684620">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-7940/article/view/684620</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The impact of the Weddell Sea Anomaly on the structure of the nighttime ionosphere in the Southern summer hemisphere is considered in detail. For this purpose, data from the CHAMP satellite were used in January 2003 under high solar activity and in January 2008 under low solar activity. The data relate to the local time interval 02-04 LT, when the increase in electron density due to the formation of an anomaly is the strongest. At longitudes of 60-180° E under high solar activity and 0–210° E at low solar activity, where there is no anomaly, the main ionospheric trough is observed. The plasma peak in the nighttime ionosphere associated with the anomaly formation reaches 6 MHz under low solar activity, and 10 MHz under high solar activity. The strongly developed plasma peak decreases sharply to high latitudes at the equatorward border of auroral diffuse precipitation, which corresponds to the plasmapause. When the anomaly is weakly developed, the contribution of diffuse precipitation becomes noticeable, so that the plasma peak expands towards the pole due to this precipitation. Poleward of anomaly, the high-latitude trough is usually observed at latitudes of the auroral oval. A well-defined minimum of the electron density is often formed equatorward of Weddell Sea Anomaly, which can be defined as a sub-trough. Sometimes the sub-trough is created by the escape of ionospheric plasma from the summer hemisphere to the winter hemisphere. Then a density maximum is formed in the winter hemisphere at conjugate latitudes. Sub-trough is much more common under low solar activity than under high activity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследовано влияние аномалии моря Уэдделла на структуру ночной ионосферы в Южном летнем полушарии. Для этого использованы данные спутника CHAMP за январь 2003 г. при высокой солнечной активности и за январь 2008 г. при низкой солнечной активности. Данные относятся к интервалу местного времени 02-04 LT, когда происходит наиболее сильное увеличение электронной концентрации вследствие образования аномалии. На долготах 60-180° Е при высокой солнечной активности и 0-225° Е при низкой солнечной активности, где аномалия отсутствует, наблюдается главный ионосферный провал. Плазменный пик в ночной ионосфере, связанный с образованием аномалии моря Уэдделла, достигает 6 МГц при низкой и 10 МГц при высокой солнечной активности. Сильно развитый при высокой солнечной активности плазменный пик резко спадает к высоким широтам на экваториальной границе авроральных диффузных высыпаний, которая соответствует плазмопаузе. При слабо развитой аномалии становится заметным вклад диффузных высыпаний, поэтому плазменный пик расширяется к полюсу за счет этих высыпаний. Полярнее аномалии, на широтах аврорального овала, как правило, наблюдается высокоширотный провал. Экваториальнее аномалии часто образуется хорошо выраженный минимум электронной концентрации, который можно определить как субпровал. Показано, что в некоторых случаях субпровал связан с выносом ионосферной плазмы из летнего полушария в зимнее. Тогда в зимнем полушарии на сопряженных широтах образуется максимум концентрации. Субпровал гораздо чаще наблюдается при низкой солнечной активности, чем при высокой.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Weddell Sea Anomaly</kwd><kwd>ionization trough</kwd><kwd>sub-trough</kwd><kwd>auroral diffuse precipitation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аномалия моря Уэдделла</kwd><kwd>провал ионизации</kwd><kwd>субпровал</kwd><kwd>авроральные диффузные высыпания</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Кринберг И.А., Тащилин А.В. Ионосфера и плазмосфера. М.: Наука, 189 с. 1984.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Карпачев А.Т., Гасилов Н.А., Карпачев О.А. Морфология и причины аномалии моря Уэдделла // Геомагнетизм и аэрономия. Т. 51. № 6. С. 828−840. 2011.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Карпачев А.Т. 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