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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Geomagnetism and Aeronomy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Geomagnetism and Aeronomy</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Геомагнетизм и аэрономия</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-7940</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5022</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">686193</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016794024050029</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">QRNHEZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Solar Wind Low-Temperature Intervals and Forbush Decreases: A Statistical Comparison</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Низкотемпературные периоды в солнечном ветре и Форбуш-понижения: статистическое сравнение</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melkumyan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелкумян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abunina@izmiran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shlyk</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шлык</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abunina@izmiran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abunina@izmiran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abunina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абунина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abunina@izmiran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abunin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абунин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abunina@izmiran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Oleneva</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оленева</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abunina@izmiran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yanke</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янке</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abunina@izmiran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation of Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт земного магнетизма, ионосферы и распространения радиоволн им. Н.В.Пушкова РАН (ИЗМИРАН)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>608</fpage><lpage>623</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-27"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-7940/article/view/686193">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-7940/article/view/686193</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Based on a large amount of experimental material, the hourly values of the solar wind speed and proton temperature were compared; the expected proton temperature and the temperature index (the ratio of the observed temperature to the expected one) were calculated. Using the Cosmic Ray Variations Database, from 1997 to 2022 low-temperature intervals were identified (intervals lasting more 2 hours, in which hourly values of the temperature index less than 0.5). The work investigated: a) statistical relationships between the parameters of low-temperature intervals and the characteristics of Forbush decreases associated with different types of solar sources; b) distributions of parameters of low-temperature intervals for interplanetary disturbances containing or not containing a magnetic cloud. The results obtained showed that with increasing duration of the low-temperature interval, the proportion of events associated with ejections from active regions increases, and the proportion of recurrent events and events associated with ejections outside active regions decreases. The correlation of the parameters of low-temperature intervals with the amplitude of Forbush decreases is weak, with the equatorial anisotropy of cosmic rays – moderate, with the north-south anisotropy – significant. The solar wind speed and magnetic field strength correlate moderately with the temperature index, and the correlation of the range of these parameters with the duration of low-temperature intervals is significant or strong.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>На основе большого экспериментального материала проводилось сопоставление почасовых значений протонной температуры и скорости солнечного ветра, вычислялась ожидаемая протонная температура и температурный индекс – отношение наблюдаемой температуры к ожидаемой. С использованием базы данных вариаций космических лучей, с 1997 по 2022 гг. были выделены низкотемпературные периоды – интервалы длительностью более 2 ч, в которых почасовые значения температурного индекса не превышают 0.5. В работе исследовались: а) статистические связи между параметрами низкотемпературных периодов и характеристиками Форбуш-понижений, связанных с разными типами солнечных источников; б) распределения параметров низкотемпературных периодов для межпланетных возмущений, содержащих или не содержащих магнитное облако. Полученные результаты показали, что с ростом длительности низкотемпературного периода доля событий, связанных с выбросами из активных областей, растет, а доля рекуррентных событий и событий, связанных с выбросами вне активных областей, уменьшается. Корреляция параметров низкотемпературных периодов с амплитудой Форбуш-понижения слабая, с экваториальной анизотропией космических лучей – умеренная, с северо-южной анизотропией – значительная. Скорость солнечного ветра и величина магнитного поля умеренно коррелируют с температурным индексом, а корреляция размаха этих параметров с длительностью низкотемпературных периодов значительная или сильная.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Forbush decreases</kwd><kwd>solar wind</kwd><kwd>interplanetary disturbances</kwd><kwd>cosmic rays</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Форбуш-понижения</kwd><kwd>солнечный ветер</kwd><kwd>межпланетные возмущения</kwd><kwd>космические лучи</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Абунина М.А., Белов А.В., Шлык Н.С., Ерошенко Е.А., Абунин А.А., Оленева В.А., Прямушкина И.И., Янке В.Г. Форбуш-эффекты, созданные выбросами солнечного вещества с магнитными облаками // Геомагнетизм и аэрономия. Т. 61. № 5. 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