<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Geotectonics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Geotectonics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Геотектоника</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-853X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-4972</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">660385</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016853X24040018</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ERKYWB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Subduction Style at Different Stages of Geological History of the Earth: Results of Numerical Petrological-Thermomechanical 2D Modeling</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Стиль субдукции на разных этапах геологической истории Земли: результаты численного петролого-термомеханического 2D моделирования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Geological Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>геологический факультет</p></bio><email>zakharov@geol.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Perchuk</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перчук</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Geological Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>геологический факультет</p></bio><email>zakharov@geol.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gerya</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><address><country country="CH">Switzerland</country></address><bio><p>Department of Earth Sciences</p></bio><email>zakharov@geol.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremin</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еремин</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Geological Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>геологический факультет</p></bio><email>zakharov@geol.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician Korzhinsky Institute for Experimental Mineralogy, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экспериментальной минералогии им. акад. Д.С. Коржинского РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff3"><institution>Swiss Federal Institute of Technology</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-22"><day>22</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-853X/article/view/660385">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-853X/article/view/660385</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this article we examine the effects of impact of slab rocks eclogitization on the subduction regime under the continent. Eclogitization of rocks in high-pressure metamorphic complexes occurs only in the areas of penetration of hydrous fluid. In the absence of hydrous fluid, the kinetic delay of eclogitization preserves low-density rocks under <italic>P‒T</italic> conditions of eclogite metamorphism, delaying the weighting of a slab and reducing the efficiency of the slab-pull mechanism which contributes to the steep subduction into the deep mantle. The results of numerical petrological-thermomechanical 2D modeling of subduction under the continent in a wide range of eclogitization parameters of oceanic crust rocks (discrete eclogitization) are presented. The effects of a lower kinetic delay of eclogitization in the water-bearing basalt layer, compared to the drier underlying gabbro layer, have been tested. Based on results of 112 numerical experiments with 7 variants of eclogitization ranges (in range 400–650°C for basalt and 400–1000°C for gabbro) at different potential mantle temperatures (Δ<italic>T </italic>= 0–250°C, above modern value), and steep, flat and transitional subduction regimes were identified. The mode of steep subduction occurs under modern conditions (Δ<italic>T </italic>= 0°C) with all ranges of eclogitization. Here it is characterised by an increase in the angle of subduction of the slab as the plate descends, and above the boundary of the mantle transition zone there is a flattening or and then tucking of the slab. Subduction is accompanied by the formation of felsic and mafic volcanics and their plutonic analogues. At elevated temperatures of the mantle (Δ<italic>T</italic>≥150°С) and discrete eclogitization over a wide range, the flat subduction regime is observed with periodic detachments of its steeper frontal eclogitized part. The flat subduction regime is accompanied by significant serpentinization of the mantle wedge and episodic, scarce magmatism (from mafic to felsic), which occurs at a significant distance (≥500 km) from the trench. During the transition regime, which is also realised in models with elevated mantle temperatures, there is a characteristic change occurs from flat to steep subduction, resulting in a stepped shape of the slab. As the kinetic shift of eclogitisation increases, flat subduction develops. An increase in the thickness of the continental lithosphere from 80 km to 150 km contributes to the implementation of steep subduction, while the influence of the convergence rate (5–10 cm/year) is ambiguous.</p> <p>Discrete eclogitization of thickened oceanic crust and depletion of lithospheric mantle in the oceanic plate are the main drivers of flat subduction. In modern conditions, their influence becomes insignificant due to the decrease in the thickness of the oceanic crust and the degree of depletion of the oceanic mantle lithosphere. As a result, the less frequent flat movement of slabs is determined by other factors.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье рассмотрены эффекты, связанные с влиянием эклогитизации пород слэба на режим субдукции под континент. Эклогитизация пород в метаморфических комплексах высокого давления как правило проявлена только на участках проникновения водного флюида. В отсутствии флюида кинетическая задержка эклогитизации сохраняет малоплотные породы при <italic>Р‒Т</italic> условиях эклогитового метаморфизма, задерживая утяжеление слэба и снижая эффективность действия механизма затягивания слэба, который способствует погружению плиты под большими углами в глубинную мантию. В нашей работе приведены результаты численного петролого-термомеханического моделирования субдукции под континент в широком диапазоне параметров эклогитизации пород океанической коры (дискретная эклогитизация). Нами было проведено тестирование влияния меньшей кинетической задержки эклогитизации в водосодержащем базальтовом слое, в сравнении с более сухим нижележащим габбровым слоем. На основе результатов 112-ти численных экспериментов при 7-ми вариантах диапазонов эклогитизации (в пределах 400–650°С для базальта и 400–1000°С для габбро) при разных потенциальных температурах мантии (на Δ<italic>T </italic>= 0–250°С выше современной) выявлены крутой, пологий и переходный режимы субдукции. Режим крутой субдукции осуществляется при современных условиях (Δ<italic>T </italic>= 0°С) при всех вариантах эклогитизации, он характеризуется увеличением угла погружения слэба по мере погружения плиты, а над границей переходной зоны мантии наблюдается выполаживание или подворачивание слэба. Субдукция сопровождается образованием кислых и основных вулканитов и их плутонических аналогов. При повышенных температурах мантии (Δ<italic>T</italic>≥150 °С) и дискретной эклогитизации в широком диапазоне реализуется режим пологой субдукции с периодическими отрывами фронтальной субвертикальной эклогитизированной части слэба. Режим пологой субдукции сопровождается серпентинизацией мантийного клина и эпизодическим, ограниченным по объему магматизмом (от основного до кислого), который происходит на значительном (≥500 км) удалении от желоба. При переходном режиме, который также реализуется в моделях с повышенной температурой мантии, происходит характерное изменение от пологой к крутой субдукции, в результате чего слэб приобретает ступенчатую форму. При увеличении кинетического сдвига эклогитизации развивается пологая субдукция. Увеличение мощности континентальной литосферы от 80 км до 150 км способствует реализации крутой субдукции, но влияние скорости конвергенции (5‒10 см/год) выражено неявно. Дискретная эклогитизация утолщенной океанической коры и деплетирование литосферной мантии в океанической плите являются основными факторами пологой субдукции. В современных условиях их влияние становится несущественным из-за снижения толщины океаническое коры и степени деплетированности океанической мантийной литосферы и, как следствие, более редкое пологое движение слэбов определяется другими факторами.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>subduction</kwd><kwd>eclogite</kwd><kwd>kinetics</kwd><kwd>oceanic crust</kwd><kwd>depleted mantle</kwd><kwd>magmatism</kwd><kwd>numerical modeling</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>субдукция</kwd><kwd>эклогиты</kwd><kwd>кинетика</kwd><kwd>океаническая кора</kwd><kwd>мантия</kwd><kwd>докембрий</kwd><kwd>магматизм</kwd><kwd>численное моделирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-17-00066</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Горяинов П.М., Иванюк Г.Ю. Самоорганизация минеральных систем. – Под ред. Н.В. Межеловского, А.Ф. Морозова ‒ М.: ГЕОС, 2001. 312 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Грачев А.Ф. Первый миллиард лет развития Земли (3.8‒2.8 млрд лет): анализ осадочных и магматических формаций и геодинамика // Физика Земли. 2005. № 11. С. 8‒34.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Диденко А.Н., Кузьмин М.И. Глубокофокусные землетрясения: пространственное распределение, возможные причины и геодинамические следствия // Геодинамика и тектонофизика. 2018. Т. 9. № 3. С. 947–965.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Добрецов Н.Л. Глобальная геодинамическая эволюция Земли и глобальные геодинамические модели // Геология и геофизика. 2010. Т. 51. № 6. С. 761–784.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Добрецов Н.Л., Кирдяшкин А.Г., Кирдяшкин А.А. Геодинамическая и тепловая модели зоны субдукции // Физическая мезомеханка. 2009. Т. 12. № 1. С. 5–16.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Захаров В.С. Самоподобие структур и процессов в литосфере по результатам фрактального и динамического анализа. ‒ Автореф. дис. … д.г.-м.н. ‒ М.: МГУ, 2014. 35 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Захаров В.С., Перчук А.Л., Завьялов С.П., Синева Т.А., Геря Т.В. Суперкомпьютерное моделирование континентальной коллизии в докембрии: эффект мощности литосферы // Вестн. МГУ. Сер. 4. Геология. 2015. № 2. С. 3–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Кирдяшкин А.А., Кирдяшкин А.Г. Силы, действующие на субдуцирующую океаническую плиту // Геотектоника. 2014. № 1. С. 62–76.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Кирдяшкин А.А., Кирдяшкин А.Г. Экспериментальное и теоретическое моделирование тепловой и гидродинамической структуры субдуцирующей плиты // Геотектоника. 2013. № 3. С. 31–42.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Коробейников С.Н., Полянский О.П., Свердлова В.Г., Бабичев А.В., Ревердатто В.В. Компьютерное моделирование поддвига и субдукции в условиях перехода габбро-эклогит в мантии // ДАН. 2008. Т. 420. № 5. С. 654‒658.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Котелкин В.Д., Лобковский Л.И. Термохимическая теория геодинамической эволюции // ДАН. 2011. Т. 438. № 3. С. 1–4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Кузнецов С.П. Динамический хаос. – М.: Физматлит, 2001. 296 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Кулаков И.Ю., Добрецов Н.Л., Бушенкова Н.А., Яковлев А.В. Форма слэбов в зонах субдукции под Курило-Камчатской и Алеутской дугами по данным региональной томографии // Геология и геофизика. 2011. Т. 52. № 6. С. 830—851.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Лобковский Л.И. Тектоника деформируемых литосферных плит и модель региональной геодинамики применительно к Арктике и северо-восточной Азии // Геология и геофизика. 2016. Т. 67. № 3. С. 476–495.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Лобковский Л.И., Рамазанов М.М. Исследование конвекции в верхней мантии, термомеханически связанной с зоной субдукции, и ее геодинамические приложения для Арктики и северо-восточной Азии // Изв. РАН. Механика жидкости и газа. 2021. № 3. С. 139–150.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Полянский О.П., Коробейников С.Н., Свердлова В.Г., Бабичев А.В., Ревердатто В.В. Влияние реологии коры на характер субдукции плит по результатам математического моделирования // ДАН. 2010. Т. 430. № 4. С. 518–522.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Пущаровский Ю.М. Геологическое выражение нелинейных геодинамических процессов // Геотектоника. 1998. № 1. С. 3–14.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Пущаровский Ю.М. Линейность и нелинейность в геологии // Геотектоника. 1999. № 3. С. 42–49.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Розен О.М., Щипанский А.А. Геодинамика раннего докембрия. Статья 1. Вулканизм и ассоциированные мантийные процессы //Стратиграфия. Геологическая корреляция. 2007. Т. 15. № 5. С. 3–25.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Трубицын В.П. Проблемы глобальной геодинамики // Физика Земли. 2019. № 1. С. 180–198.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Удовкина Н.Г. Эклогиты Полярного Урала: на примере южной части хр. Марун-Кеу. ‒ Под ред. А.П. Лебедева – М.: Наука, 1971. 190 c.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Щипанский А.А. Субдукционная геодинамика в архее и формирование алмазоносных литосферных килей и ранней континентальной коры кратонов // Геотектоника. 2012. № 2. С. 42–64.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Abbott D.H., Drury R., Smith W.H.F. Flat to steep transition in subduction style // Geology. 1994. Vol. 22. No. 10. P. 937–940. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Arndt N. How did the continental crust form: No basalt, no water, no granite // Precambrian Research. 2023. Vol. 397. Art. 107196. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2023.107196</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Austrheim H. Influence of fluid and deformation on metamorphism of the deep crust and consequences for the geodynamics of collision zones. ‒ In: When Continents Collide: Geodynamics and Geochemistry of Ultrahigh-Pressure Rocks. ‒ Ed. by B.R. Hacker, J.G. Liou, (Springer-Science+Business Media, Dordrecht, Netherlands. 1998). P. 297–323.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Baitsch-Ghirardello B., Gerya T.V., Burg J.-P. Geodynamic regimes of intra-oceanic subduction: Implications forearc extension vs. shortening processes // Gondwana Research. 2014. Vol. 25. P. 546–560.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Bittner D., Schmeling H. Numerical modeling of melting processes and induced diapirism in the lower crust // Geoph. J. Int. 1995. Vol. 123. P. 59–70.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Brown M., Johnson T., Gardiner N.J. Plate tectonics and the Archean Earth // Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2020. Vol. 48. P. 291–320.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Burg J.-P., Gerya T.V. The role of viscous heating in Barrovian metamorphism of collisional orogens: Thermomechanical models and application to the Lepontine dome in the Central Alps // J. Metam. Geol. 2005. Vol. 23. P. 75–95.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Cawood P.A., Hawkesworth C.J., Dhuime B. The continental record and the generation of continental crust // Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 2013. Vol. 125. P. 14–32. Doi: 10.1130/B30722.1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Chelle-Michou C., McCarthy A., Moyen J.-F., Cawood P.A., Capitanio F.A. Make subductions diverse again // Earth-Sci. Rev. 2022. Vol. 226. Art. 103966. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.103966</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Clauser C., Huenges E. Thermal conductivity of rocks and minerals. ‒ In: Rock Physics and Phase Relations. ‒ Ed. by T.J. Ahrens (Washington, AGU, USA, 1995). P. 105–126.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Connolly J.A.D. Computation of phase equilibria by linear programming: A tool for geodynamic modeling and its application to subduction zone decarbonation // Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2005. Vol. 236. P. 524–541.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Crameri F., Schmeling H., Golabek G.J., Duretz T., Orendt R., Buiter S.J.H., May D.A., Kaus B.J.P., Gerya T.V., Tackley P.J. A comparison of numerical surface topography calculations in geodynamic modelling: An evaluation of the “sticky air” method // Geoph. J. Int. 2012. Vol. 189. P. 38–54.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Davies J.H. The role of hydraulic fractures in generating intermediate depth earthquakes and subduction zone magmatism // Nature. 1999. Vol. 398. P. 142–145.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Gao S., Luo T.-C., Zhang B.-R., Zhang H.-F., Han Y.-W., Hu Y.-K., Zhao Z.-D. Chemical composition of the continental crust as revealed by studies in east China // Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 1998. Vol. 62. P. 1959–1975.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Gerya T., Stern R., Baes M., Sobolev S.V., Whattam S.A. Plate tectonics on the Earth triggered by plume-induced subduction initiation // Nature. 2015. Vol. 527. P. 221–225. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15752</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Gerya T.V. Numerical modeling of subduction: State of the art and future directions // Geosphere 2022. Vol. 18. No. 2. P. 503–561. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02416.1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Gerya T.V. Precambrian geodynamics: Concepts and models // Gondwana Research. 2014. Vol. 25. P. 442–463. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2012.11.008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Gerya T.V., Connolly J.A.D., Yuen D.A., Gorczyk W., Capel A.M. Seismic implications of mantle wedge plumes // Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors. 2006. Vol. 156. P. 59–74. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2006.02.005</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Gerya T.V., Fossati D., Cantieni C., Seward D. Dynamic effects of aseismic ridge subduction: Numerical modelling // Eur. J. Mineral. 2009. Vol. 21. P. 649‒661. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1931</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Gerya T.V., Meilick F.I. Geodynamic regimes of subduction under an active margin: Effects of rheological weakening by fluids and melts // J. Metamorph. Geol. 2011. Vol. 29. P. 7–31. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.2010.00904.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Gerya T.V., Yuen D.A. Characteristics-based marker-in-cell method with conservative finite-differences schemes for modeling geological flows with strongly variable transport properties // Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 2003. Vol. 140. P. 293–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2003.09.006</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Goes S., Agrusta R., van Hunen J., Garel F. Subduction-transition zone interaction: A review // Geosphere. 2017. Vol. 13. No. 3. P. 644–664. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01476.1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Gutscher M.A., Maury R., Eissen J.P., Bourdon E. Can slab melting be caused by flat subduction? // Geology. 2000. Vol. 28. P. 535–538. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28&lt;535:CSMBCB&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Hacker B.R. Eclogite formation and the rheology, buoyancy, seismicity, and H2O content of oceanic crust. ‒ Ed. by G.E. Bebout, D.W. Scholl, S.H. Kirby, J.P. Platt, (UGU, Washington, DC, USA. Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 1996. Vol. 96). P. 337–346.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Hermann J., Spandler C., Hack A., Korsakov A.V. Aqueous fluids and hydrous melts in high-pressure and ultra-high pressure rocks: Implications for element transfer in subduction zones // Lithos. 2006. Vol. 92. No. 3–4. P. 399–417. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2006.03.055</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Herzberg C., Asimow P.D., Arndt N., Niu Y., Lesher C.M., Fitton J.G., Cheadle M.J., Saunders A.D. Temperatures in ambient mantle and plumes: Constraints from basalts, picrites, and komatiites // Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2007. Vol. 8. Art. Q02006. Doi:10.1029/2006GC001390</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Herzberg C., Condie K., Korenaga J. Thermal history of the Earth and its petrological expression // Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2010. Vol. 292. P. 79‒88.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Huang B., Johnson T.E., Wilde S.A., Polat A., Fu D., Kusky T. Coexisting divergent and convergent plate boundary assemblages indicate plate tectonics in the Neoarchean // Nature Communications. 2022. Vol. 13. Art. 6450. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34214-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Ito E., Akaogi M., Topor L., Navrotsky A. Negative pressure-temperature slopes for reactions forming MgSiO3 perovskite from calorimetry // Science. 1990. Vol. 249. P. 1275–1278.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Ito K., Kennedy G.C. An experimental study of the basalt-garnet granulite-eclogite transition. ‒ In: The Structure and Physical Properties of the Earth’s Crust. ‒ Ed. by J.G. Heacock, (AGU, Washington, DC, USA. Geoph. Monogr. Ser. 1971. Vol. 14). P. 303–314.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Katsura T., Ito E. The system Mg2SiO4–Fe2SiO4 at high pressures and temperatures: Precise determination of stabilities of olivine, modified spinel and spinel // J. Geoph. Res. 1989. Vol. 94. P. 663–670.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Katz R.F., Spiegelman M., Langmuir C.H. A new parameterization of hydrous mantle melting // Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2003. Vol. 4. No. 9. Art. 1073. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GC000433</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Korenaga J. Initiation and evolution of plate tectonics on Earth: theories and observations // Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2013. Vol. 41. P. 117–151.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Labrosse S., Jaupart C. Thermal evolution of the Earth: Secular changes and fluctuations of plate characteristics // Earth Planet. Sci. Let. 2007. Vol. 260. No. 3–4. P. 260–465. Doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.046</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Li Z.-H., Gerya T., Connolly J.A.D. Variability of subducting slab morphologies in the mantle transition zone: Insight from petrological-thermomechanical modeling // Earth-Sci. Rev. 2019. Vol. 196. Art. 102874. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.05.018</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Lobkovsky L.I., Gabsatarov Y.V., Alekseev D.A., Vladimirova I.S., Ramazanov M.M., Kotelkin V.D. Geodynamic model of the interaction of the subduction zone with the continental lithosphere in the area of transition between the Pacific Ocean and East Asia // Geodynam. Tectonophys. 2022. Vol. 13. No. 5. Art. 0675. Doi:10.5800/GT-2022-13-5-0675</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Lobkovsky L.I., Ramazanov M.M., Kotelkin V.D. Convection related to subduction zone and application of the model to investigate the Cretaceous‒Cenozoic geodynamics of Central East Asia and Arctic // Geodynam. Tectonophys. 2021. Vol. 12. No. 3. P. 455–470. Doi: 10.5800/GT-2021-12-3-0533</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>Maierova P., Schulmann K., Gerya T. Relamination styles in collisional orogens // Tectonics. 2018. Vol. 37. P. 224–250.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Martin H., Smithies R.H., Rapp R., Moyen J.-F., Champion D. An overview of adakite, tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG), and sanukitoid: Relationships and some implications for crustal evolution // Lithos. 2005. Vol. 79. P. 1–24.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>Mishin Y.A., Gerya T.V., Burg J.P., Connolly J.A.D. Dynamics of double subduction: Numerical modeling // Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 2008. Vol. 171. P. 280–295.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Moyen J.-F., Martin H. Forty years of TTG research // Lithos. 2012. Vol. 148. P. 312–336.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>Palin R., Santosh M. Plate tectonics: What, where, why, and when? // Gondwana Research. 2021. Vol. 100. P. 3–24.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B65"><label>65.</label><mixed-citation>Palin R.M., Santosh M., Cao W., Li S.-S., Hernández-Uribe D., Parsonsa A. Secular change and the onset of plate tectonics on Earth // Earth-Sci. Rev. 2020. Vol. 207. Art. 103172. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103172</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B66"><label>66.</label><mixed-citation>Palin R.M., White R.W., Green E.C.R. Partial melting of metabasic rocks and the generation of tonalitic–trondhjemitic–granodioritic (TTG) crust in the Archaean: Constraints from phase equilibrium modelling // Precambrian Research. 2016. Vol. 287. P. 73–90.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B67"><label>67.</label><mixed-citation>Parada M., López-Escobar L., Oliveros V., Fuentes F., Morata D., Calderón M., Aguirre L., Feraud G., Espinoza F., Moreno H., Figueroa O., Muñoz J., Troncosa R., Stern C.R. Andean magmatism. ‒ In: The Geology of Chile. ‒ Ed. by T. Moreno, W. Gibbons, (Geol. Soc. London, UK. 2007). P. 149–180. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1144/GOCH.4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B68"><label>68.</label><mixed-citation>Peacock S.M. Serpentinization and infiltration metasomatism in the Trinity peridotite, Klamath province, northern California: implications for subduction zones // Contrib. Miner. Petrol. 1987. Vol. 95. P. 55–70.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B69"><label>69.</label><mixed-citation>Perchuk A.L., Zakharov V.S., Gerya T., Brown M. Hotter mantle but colder subduction in the Precambrian: What are the implications? // Precambrian Research 2019. Vol. 330. P. 20–34. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2019.04.023</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B70"><label>70.</label><mixed-citation>Perchuk A.L., Gerya T.V., Zakharov V.S. Griffin W.L. Building cratonic keels in Precambrian plate tectonics // Nature. 2020. Vol. 586. P. 395–401. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2806-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B71"><label>71.</label><mixed-citation>Perchuk A.L., Gerya T.V., Zakharov V.S. Griffin W.L. Depletion of the upper mantle by convergent tectonics in the Early Earth // Sci. Rep. 2021. Vol. 11. Art. 21489. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00837-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B72"><label>72.</label><mixed-citation>Perchuk A.L., Safonov O.G., Smit C.A., van Reenen D.D., Zakharov V.S., Gerya T.V. Precambrian ultra-hot orogenic factory: Making and reworking of continental crust // Tectonophysics. 2018. Vol. 746. P. 572–586. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.11.041</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B73"><label>73.</label><mixed-citation>Perchuk A.L., Zakharov V.S., Gerya T.V., Griffin W.L. Flat subduction in the Early Earth: The key role of discrete eclogitization kinetics // Gondwana Research 2023 Vol. 119. P. 186–203. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2023.03.015</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B74"><label>74.</label><mixed-citation>Petersen R.I., Stegman D.R., Tackley P.J. The subduction dichotomy of strong plates and weak slabs // Solid Earth. 2017. Vol. 8. P. 339–350.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B75"><label>75.</label><mixed-citation>Poli S. The amphibolite-eclogite transformation; an experimental study on basalt // Am. J. Sci. 1993. Vol. 293(10). P. 1061–1107. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.293.10.1061</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B76"><label>76.</label><mixed-citation>Ranalli G. Rheology of the Earth. – (Chapman &amp; Hall, London. UK. 1995), pp. 413.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B77"><label>77.</label><mixed-citation>Rozel A., Golabek G.J., Jain C., Tackley P.J., Gerya T. Continental crust formation on early Earth controlled by intrusive magmatism // Nature. 2017. Vol. 545. P. 332–335. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22042</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B78"><label>78.</label><mixed-citation>Rudnick R.L., Fountain D.M. Nature and composition of the continental crust: A lower crustal perspective // Rev. Geophys. 1995. Vol. 33. P. 267–309.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B79"><label>79.</label><mixed-citation>Rudnick R.L., Gao S. Composition of the continental crust // Treatise on Geochem. 2003. Vol. 3. P. 1–64.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B80"><label>80.</label><mixed-citation>Santosh M., Omori S. CO2 flushing: a plate tectonic perspective // Gondwana Research. 2008. Vol. 13. P. 86‒102.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B81"><label>81.</label><mixed-citation>Schellart W.P. Control of subduction zone age and size on flat slab subduction // Front. Earth Sci. 2020. Vol. 26. No. 8. Doi: 10.3389/feart.2020.00026</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B82"><label>82.</label><mixed-citation>Schmidt M., Poli S. Experimentally based water budgets for dehydrating slabs and consequences for arc magma generation // Earth and Planet. Sci. Let. 1998. Vol. 163. P. 361–379.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B83"><label>83.</label><mixed-citation>Schmidt M.W., Poli S. Devolatilization During Subduction // Treatise on Geochem. 2014. P. 669–701.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B84"><label>84.</label><mixed-citation>Sizova E., Gerya T., Brown M., Perchuk L.L. Subduction styles in the Precambrian: insight from numerical experiments // Lithos. 2010. Vol. 116. P. 209–229.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B85"><label>85.</label><mixed-citation>Smithies R.H., Champion D.C., Cassidy K.F. Formation of Earth’s early Archaean continental crust // Precambrian Research. 2003. Vol. 127 P. 89–101.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B86"><label>86.</label><mixed-citation>Stern R.J. Subduction zones // Rev. Geophys. 2002. Vol. 40. No. 4. Art. 1012. Doi:10.1029/2001RG000108</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B87"><label>87.</label><mixed-citation>Tackley P.J., Nakagawa T., Hernlund J.W. Influence of the post-perovskite transition on thermal and thermo chemical mantle convection. ‒ In: Post-Perovskite: The Last Phase Transition. ‒ Ed. by K. Hirose, (AGU, Washington, USA. Geophys. Monogr. Ser. 2007. Vol. 174). P. 229–247.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B88"><label>88.</label><mixed-citation>Taylor S.R., McLennan S.M. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution. – (Blackwell, Oxford, UK. 1985), pp. 312.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B89"><label>89.</label><mixed-citation>Turcotte D.L. Fractals and Chaos in Geology and Geophysics. – (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK. 1997), pp. 398.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B90"><label>90.</label><mixed-citation>Turcotte D.L., Schubert G. Geodynamics. – (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK. 2014), pp. 472.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B91"><label>91.</label><mixed-citation>van Hunen J., Moyen J.F. Archean subduction: Fact or fiction? // Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2012. Vol. 40. Art. 195e219.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B92"><label>92.</label><mixed-citation>van Hunen J., van den Berg A.P. Plate tectonics on the early Earth: Limitations imposed by strength and buoyancy of subducted lithosphere // Lithos. 2008. Vol. 103. P. 217–235.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B93"><label>93.</label><mixed-citation>van Hunen J., van den Berg A.P., Vlaar N.J. Various mechanisms to induce present-day shallow flat subduction and implications for the younger earth: A numerical parameter study // Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors. 2004. Vol. 146. P. 179–194.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B94"><label>94.</label><mixed-citation>Vlaar N.J., Wortel M.J.R. Lithospheric aging, instability and subduction // Tectonophys. 1976. Vol. 32. P. 331–351.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B95"><label>95.</label><mixed-citation>Vogt K., Gerya T.V., Castro A. Crustal growth at active continental margins: Numerical modelling // Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors. 2012. Vol. 192. P. 1–20.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B96"><label>96.</label><mixed-citation>Wedepohl K.H. The composition of the continental crust // Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 1995. Vol. 50. P. 2267–2279.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B97"><label>97.</label><mixed-citation>Wei C.J., Duan Z.Z. Phase relations in metabasic rocks: constraints from the results of experiments, phase modelling and ACF analysis // Geol. Soc. London, Spec. Publ. 2018. Vol. 474. P. 25–45. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1144/SP474.10</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B98"><label>98.</label><mixed-citation>Wu C., Wang G., Zhou Z., Haproff P. J., Zuza A. V., Liu W. Paleoproterozoic plate tectonics recorded in the Northern Margin orogen, North China craton // Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2022. Vol. 23. Art. e2022GC010662. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GC010662</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B99"><label>99.</label><mixed-citation>Zheng Y. Plate tectonics in the Archean: Observations versus interpretations // Sci. China Earth Sci. 2024. Vol. 67. P. 1–30. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-023-1210-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B100"><label>100.</label><mixed-citation>Space image, https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/printable_maps/documents/gebco_2022_a2_2n.pdf (Accessed January, 2024).</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
