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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Geotectonics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Geotectonics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Геотектоника</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-853X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-4972</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">688689</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016853X25030028</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DRZAQQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Main Stages of the Fram Strait Formation in the Neogene: Analysis of Geological and Geophysical Data</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Основные этапы тектонического развития пролива Фрама в Неогене по геологическим и геофизическим данным</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zayonchek</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайончек</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>a_zayonchek@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>a_zayonchek@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloviev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>a_zayonchek@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilieva</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="NO">Norway</country></address><email>a_zayonchek@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shkarubo</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шкарубо</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>a_zayonchek@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Geological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (GIN RAS)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Геологический институт РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Geological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (GIN RAS)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Геологический институт РАН&#13;
Всероссийский научно-исследовательский геологический нефтяной институт (ВНИГНИ)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">All–Russian Research Geological Oil Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">SEUS Geoservices AS</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">SEUS Geoservices AS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Морская Арктическая геологоразведочная экспедиция (АО «МАГЭ»)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff5"><institution>Marine Arctic Geological Expedition, JSC (MAGE)</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-05"><day>05</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-05"><day>05</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian academy of sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian academy of sciences</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-853X/article/view/688689">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-853X/article/view/688689</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The opening of the Fram Strait began in the Early Miocene (~19.5 Ma) as a result of movements of the North American and Eurasian lithospheric plates, which resulted in the formation of the narrowest segment of the strait, the Lena Trough. In the Miocene (~19.5–9.8 Ma), the opening of the central part of the Fram Strait led to formation of the central and northwestern parts of the Molloy Basin, which had an extended basement consisting of blocks of the West Spitsbergen fold-and-thrust belt. In the Late Miocene (~9.8 Ma), in the central part of the Fram Strait, a jump in the axis of its opening to the east occurred in the segments between the Molloy and Spitsbergen transform faults, and spreading began in the northernmost segment of the Knipovich Ridge. In the Late Miocene (~9.8 Ma), the deep-sea exchange of waters between the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean took place west of the Barents Sea continental “fragments” – the Hovgaard Ridge and Mount Hovgaard. In the Late Miocene (~6.7 Ma), the Molloy Basin began to open, which coincides with the beginning of the continuous subsidence of the Hovgaard Ridge, which was in subaerial conditions, and with a three-fold increase in the sedimentation rate in the central part of the Molloy Basin. In the Late Miocene‒Early Pleistocene (~9.8‒1.8 Ma), a warm current from the North Atlantic could have passed along the eastern continental margin of Greenland and, at the peak of its maximum intensity, ensured the existence of biological diversity in the conditions of the “polar desert” and “polar night” in the north‒northeast of Greenland and the shallow sea areas adjacent to the coast.</p> <p>The modern direction of the cold and warm currents in the Fram Strait could have formed in the Early Pleistocene (~1.8 Ma) and be associated with the opening of the northernmost segment of the Knipovich Ridge.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Раскрытие пролива Фрама началось в раннем миоцене (~19.5 млн лет) в результате перемещений Северо-Американской и Евразийской литосферных плит, вследствие чего начал формироваться трог Лены, который является самым узким сегментом пролива. В миоцене (~19.5–9.8 млн лет) раскрытие центральной части пролива Фрама привело к образованию центральной и северо-западной частей котловины Моллой, имеющей растянутый фундамент, состоящий из блоков Западно-Шпицбергенского складчато-надвигового пояса. В позднем миоцене (~9.8 млн лет) в центральной части пролива Фрама произошел перескок оси его раскрытия в восточном направлении в сегментах между трансформными разломами Моллой и Шпицбергенский и начался спрединг в самом северном сегменте хр. Книповича.</p> <p>В позднем миоцене (~9.8 млн лет) глубоководный обмен водами Северной Атлантики и Северного Ледовитого океана осуществлялся западнее баренцевоморских континентальных осколков – хребет Ховгард и гора Ховгард. В позднем миоцене (~6.7 млн лет) началось раскрытие впадины Моллой, что совпадает по времени с началом непрерывного опускания хр. Ховгард, находившегося в субаэральных условиях, и с 3-х кратным увеличением скорости осадконакопления в центральной части бассейна Моллой. В позднем миоцене–раннем плейстоцене (~9.8–1.8 млн лет) теплое течение из Северной Атлантики могло проходить вдоль восточной континентальной окраины Гренландии и на пике своей максимальной интенсивности обеспечивать существование биологического разнообразия в условиях полярной пустыни и полярной ночи на самом север‒северо-востоке о. Гренландия и прилегающих к побережью мелководных участках моря. Современное направление холодного и теплого течений в проливе Фрама могло сформироваться в раннем плейстоцене (~1.8 млн лет) и быть связанным с раскрытием самого северного сегмента хребта Книповича.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Eurasian Basin</kwd><kwd>spreading</kwd><kwd>geodynamics</kwd><kwd>anomalous magnetic field</kwd><kwd>theoretical axes of linear magnetic anomalies</kwd><kwd>seismic stratigraphy of sedimentary cover</kwd><kwd>Fram Strait</kwd><kwd>Knipovich Ridge</kwd><kwd>Molloy Basin</kwd><kwd>Barents Sea continental margin</kwd><kwd>North Atlantic</kwd><kwd>Arctic Ocean</kwd><kwd>directions of ocean currents</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Евразийский бассейн</kwd><kwd>спрединг</kwd><kwd>геодинамика</kwd><kwd>аномальное магнитное поле</kwd><kwd>теоретические оси линейных магнитных аномалий</kwd><kwd>сейсмостратиграфия осадочного чехла</kwd><kwd>пролив Фрама</kwd><kwd>хребет Книповича</kwd><kwd>впадина Моллой</kwd><kwd>Баренцевоморская континентальная окраина</kwd><kwd>Северная Атлантика</kwd><kwd>Северный Ледовитый океан</kwd><kwd>направления океанских течений</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22–27–00578</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Батурин Д.Г., Нечхаев С.А. 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