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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Hygiene and Sanitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Hygiene and Sanitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гигиена и санитария</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-9900</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">638462</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-11-1236-1245</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Substantiation of the biomarker profile of negative indicators in children under conditions of the combined influence of environmental and educational factors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обоснование профиля биомаркеров негативных эффектов у детей в условиях сочетанного воздействия факторов внешней и образовательной сред</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3924-4526</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koldibekova</surname><given-names>Yuliya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кольдибекова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-9613</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemlyanova</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Землянова</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., Professor, Head of Biochemical and Cytogenetic Diagnostic Techniques Department, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: zem@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, проф., зав. отделом биохимических и цитогенетических методов диагностики ФБУН «ФНЦ медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Роспотребнадзора, 614045, Пермь.</p><p>e-mail: zem@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email>zem@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-1145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>Nina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2639-5368</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsinker</surname><given-names>Mikhail J.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цинкер</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6316-7850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ukhabov</surname><given-names>Viktor M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ухабов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Perm National Research Polytechnic University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБО ВО «Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">E.A. Wagner Perm State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. Вагнера»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>11</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1236</fpage><lpage>1245</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-25"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Koldibekova Y.V., Zemlyanova M.A., Zaitseva N.V., Tsinker M.J., Ukhabov V.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Кольдибекова Ю.В., Землянова М.А., Зайцева Н.В., Цинкер М.Ю., Ухабов В.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koldibekova Y.V., Zemlyanova M.A., Zaitseva N.V., Tsinker M.J., Ukhabov V.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кольдибекова Ю.В., Землянова М.А., Зайцева Н.В., Цинкер М.Ю., Ухабов В.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2021-12-22"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/638462">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/638462</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic><bold>Introduction.</bold> The low quality of environmental and educational factors negatively impact on children’s health in primary school. </italic></p><p><italic><bold>Data and methods.</bold> The objects of the study were indices of the content of chemicals in the atmospheric air and classrooms, drinking water; indices of the intensity of the educational process, biochemical indices of negative effects in children aged of 7-10 years, exposed to the combined effects of factors of the educational environment and hygienic conditions at the initial stage of education with various types of training programs. </italic></p><p><italic><bold>Results.</bold> An unsatisfactory quality of atmospheric air in the territories of educational institutions and classrooms was found for the content of phenol and formaldehyde, the constant presence of nickel and chromium. Phenol in the blood was substantiated as a marker of inhalation exposure and index marker of educational load factors - the use of technical teaching means in the educational process, intellectual and emotional loads, the monotony of loads. The connection with the combined effect of dissimilar factors has been established for classes of comorbid diseases of the nervous system and digestive organs. Two indices have been substantiated as biomarkers of the comorbidity in schoolchildren under the combined effect of dissimilar factors: acetylcholinesterase and pepsinogen I in blood serum. </italic></p><p><italic><bold>Discussion.</bold> The work established sequential continuous logical chain of links ‘the combined effect of environment, the educational factors - a change in indices of negative impact’. So far, the shown likelihood of comorbid diseases of the nervous system and digestive organs makes it possible to predict an increase in the overall incidence of diseases in junior schoolchildren under aerogenic exposure and educational load (the level of additional cases is about 300 per year).</italic></p><p><italic><bold> Conclusion.</bold> The chemical environmental and educational factors and biomarkers of comorbidity should be taken into account when developing measures aimed at minimizing the risks of the gain in the comorbidity involving the nervous system and digestive organs under the combined impact of dissimilar factors.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic><bold>Введение.</bold> Неудовлетворительное качество объектов окружающей среды, факторы внутришкольной среды, напряжённый и интенсивный характер образовательного процесса в начальной школе способны оказывать сочетанное негативное воздействие на здоровье детей.</italic></p><p><italic><bold> Материал и методы.</bold> Объектами исследования являлись показатели содержания химических веществ в воздухе атмосферном и учебных помещений, питьевой воде; показатели напряжённости учебного процесса, биохимические показатели негативных эффектов у детей 7-10 лет, подвергающихся сочетанному воздействию факторов образовательной среды и гигиенических условий на начальной ступени образования с различными видами программ обучения. </italic></p><p><italic><bold>Результаты.</bold> Установлено неудовлетворительное качество атмосферного воздуха на территориях образовательных организаций и учебных помещений по содержанию фенола и формальдегида, постоянное присутствие никеля и хрома. В качестве маркера ингаляционной экспозиции обоснован фенол в крови, в качестве маркерных показателей факторов учебной нагрузки - использование в учебном процессе технических средств обучения, интеллектуальные и эмоциональные нагрузки, монотонность нагрузок. Связь с сочетанным воздействием разнородных факторов установлена для классов коморбидных болезней нервной системы и органов пищеварения. В качестве биомаркеров коморбидности у школьников при сочетанном воздействии разнородных факторов обосновано два показателя: ацетилхолинэстераза и пепсиноген I в сыворотке крови. </italic></p><p><italic><bold>Заключение.</bold> Факторы химической нагрузки и образовательного процесса, биомаркеры коморбидности необходимо учитывать при разработке мероприятий, направленных на минимизацию рисков развития коморбидности заболеваний нервной системы и органов пищеварения при сочетанном воздействии разнородных факторов.</italic></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>environmental and intra-school environment factors</kwd><kwd>educational process factors</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>nervous system diseases</kwd><kwd>digestive organs diseases</kwd><kwd>primary school students</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>negative effects</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>факторы окружающей и внутришкольной среды</kwd><kwd>факторы образовательного процесса</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>болезни нервной системы</kwd><kwd>болезни органов пищеварения</kwd><kwd>учащиеся начального общего образования</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>негативные эффекты</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranov A.A., Al’bitskiy V.Yu., Ivanova A.A., Terletskaya R.N., Kosova S.A. 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