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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Hygiene and Sanitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Hygiene and Sanitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гигиена и санитария</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-9900</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">638681</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-12-1542-1547</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immune and neurohumoral profile of the children population living in the conditions of exposure to benzo(a)pyrene</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммунный и нейрогуморальный профиль детского населения, проживающего в условиях экспозиции бенз(а)пиреном</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7271-9477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikonoshina</surname><given-names>Natalya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никоношина</surname><given-names>Наталья Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student at the Laboratory of immunology and allergology, post-graduate student of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies” of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: nat08.11@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. лаб. иммунологии и аллергологии, аспирант ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения».</p><p>e-mail: nat08.11@yandex.ru</p></bio><email>nat08.11@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-3145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies” of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-01-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>12</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1542</fpage><lpage>1547</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-25"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Nikonoshina N.A., Dolgikh O.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Никоношина Н.А., Долгих О.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikonoshina N.A., Dolgikh O.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никоношина Н.А., Долгих О.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2024-01-12"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/638681">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/638681</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic><bold>Introduction.</bold> Benzo(a)pyrene induces disorders of immune and neurohumoral regulation that are aggravated by the influence of unfavourable climatic and geographical factors in the Far North. In this regard, studies of the features of the immune and neurohumoral profile are of particular relevance for the identification of markers of early health disorders of the population of industrially developed circumpolar territories (using the example of benzo(a)pyrene).</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> Five hundred 3–6 year children living in the circumpolar territory of Eastern Siberia were examined. Observation group consisted of 352 children living in conditions of exposure to benzo(a)pyrene. Comparison group included 148 children residing at a relatively clean territory. Determination of the content of benzo(a)pyrene in the blood was carried out by HPLC. Phenotyping of CD3<sup>+</sup>-, CD19<sup>+</sup>-, CD3<sup>+</sup>CD95<sup>+</sup>-, Annexin V-FITC<sup>+</sup>7AAD<sup>–</sup> and Annexin V-FITC<sup>+</sup>7AAD<sup>+</sup>-lymphocytes was performed by flow cytofluorometry. The level of IgA, IgM, IgG was determined by Mancini radial immunodiffusion, the IgG content to benzo(a)pyrene was determined by allergosorbent testing. The content of acetylcholine, serotonin, and neurotropin-3 was determined by ELISA.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Results.</bold> Children living in the industrially developed circumpolar territory of Eastern Siberia have an increased level of blood contamination with benzo(a)pyrene (p&lt;0.05). The immune profile is characterized by inhibition of cellular (CD3<sup>+</sup> deficiency) and humoral immunity (decreased IgA, IgM, IgG with an excess of CD19<sup>+</sup>). Violations of apoptosis (decrease in Annexin V-FITC<sup>+</sup>7AAD<sup>–</sup>, Annexin V-FITC<sup>+</sup>7AAD<sup>+</sup>-lymphocytes; increase in Bcl-2 and CD95<sup>+</sup>) were revealed (p&lt;0.05). An increased IgG to benz(a)pyrene content were found (p&lt;0.05). The neurohumoral profile of the examined children is characterized by hyperexpression of serotonin with acetylcholine and neurotropin-3 deficiency (p&lt;0.05).</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Limitations.</bold> The results of the study are intended for specialists in the field of hygiene, immunology and allergology.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Revealed features of the immune status (deficiency of CD3<sup>+</sup>, Annexin V-FITC<sup>+</sup>7AAD<sup>–</sup>, and Annexin V-FITC<sup>+</sup>7AAD<sup>+</sup>-lymphocytes IgA, IgM, IgG, excess CD19<sup>+</sup>, CD95<sup>+</sup>, Bcl-2, IgG to benzo(a)pyrene), associated with changes in sympathetic-parasympathetic balance (excess serotonin, deficiency of acetylcholine, neurotropin-3) characterize the features of the immune and neurohumoral profile in the children population of the circumpolar territories of Eastern Siberia under the conditions of exposure to benzo(a)pyrene.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Compliance with ethical standards.</bold> The study was carried out in compliance with the ethical requirements of the Helsinki Declaration of the WMA 2000 and the Protocol of the Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine 1999. The study was approved by the LEC of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being (Protocol No. 23 of 12/20/2021).</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Patient consent.</bold> Each participant of the study (or his/her legal representative) gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal "Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)".</italic></p><p><bold>Contribution:</bold> <italic>Nikonoshina N.A.</italic> — collecting and processing material, statistical processing, writing, and editing text; <italic>Dolgikh O.V.</italic> — concept and design of research, writing and editing of text. <italic>All authors</italic> are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p><p><bold>Conflict of interest.</bold> The authors declare no conflict of interest. </p><p><bold>Acknowledgement.</bold> The study had no sponsorship</p><p>Received: October 27, 2022 / Accepted: December 8, 2022 / Published: January 12, 2023</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic><bold>Введение.</bold> Бенз(а)пирен индуцирует нарушения иммунной и нейрогуморальной регуляции, усугубляющиеся при воздействии неблагоприятных климатогеографических факторов Крайнего Севера. В связи с этим особую актуальность приобретают исследования особенностей иммунного и нейрогуморального профиля для идентификации маркеров ранних нарушений здоровья населения промышленно развитых приполярных территорий.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Обследованы 500 детей в возрасте 3–6 лет, проживающих на приполярной территории Восточной Сибири. В группу наблюдения вошли 352 ребёнка, проживающих в условиях экспозиции бенз(а)пиреном, в группу сравнения — 148 детей, проживающих на условно чистой территории. Определение содержания бенз(а)пирена в крови проводили методом ВЭЖХ. Фенотипирование лимфоцитов CD3<sup>+</sup>, CD19<sup>+</sup>, CD3<sup>+</sup>CD95<sup>+</sup>, Annexin V-FITC<sup>+</sup>7AAD и Annexin V-FITC<sup>+</sup>7AAD<sup>+</sup> выполняли методом проточной цитофлуориметрии. Уровни IgA, IgM, IgG определяли методом радиальной иммунодиффузии по Манчини, содержание IgG к бенз(а)пирену — методом аллергосорбентного тестирования. Содержание ацетилхолина, серотонина, нейротропина-3 определяли методом ИФА.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Результаты.</bold> У детей, проживающих на промышленно развитой приполярной территории Восточной Сибири, установлен повышенный уровень контаминации крови бенз(а)пиреном (p &lt; 0,05). Иммунный профиль характеризуется угнетением клеточного (дефицит CD3<sup>+</sup>) и гуморального иммунитета (снижение IgA, IgM, IgG при избытке CD19<sup>+</sup>). Выявлены нарушения апоптоза (снижение Annexin V-FITC<sup>+</sup>7AAD<sup>–</sup>, Annexin V-FITC<sup>+</sup>7AAD<sup>+</sup>-лимфоцитов; повышение Bcl-2 и CD95<sup>+</sup>; p &lt; 0,05). Установлено повышенное содержание IgG к бенз(а)пирену (p &lt; 0,05). Нейрогуморальный профиль обследованных детей отличается гиперэкспрессией серотонина при дефиците ацетилхолина и нейротропина-3 (p &lt; 0,05).</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Ограничения исследования.</bold> Результаты исследования могут быть использованы специалистами в области гигиены, иммунологии и аллергологии.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Заключение.</bold> Выявленные особенности иммунного статуса (дефицит CD3<sup>+</sup>, Annexin V-FITC<sup>+</sup>7AAD<sup>–</sup> и Annexin V-FITC<sup>+</sup>7AAD<sup>+</sup>-лимфоцитов, IgA, IgM, IgG, избыток CD19<sup>+</sup>, CD95<sup>+</sup>, Bcl-2, IgG к бенз(а)пирену), сопряжённые с изменениями симпатико-парасимпатического баланса (избыток серотонина, дефицит ацетилхолина, нейротропина-3), характеризуют особенности иммунного и нейрогуморального профиля детского населения приполярных территорий Восточной Сибири в условиях экспозиции бенз(а)пиреном.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Соблюдение этических стандартов.</bold> Исследование выполнено с соблюдением этических требований Хельсинкской декларации ВМА 2000 г. и протокола Конвенции Совета Европы о правах человека и биомедицине 1999 г. Исследование одобрено ЛЭК ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека (протокол № 23 от 20.12.2021 г.).</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Согласие пациентов.</bold> Каждый участник исследования (или его законный представитель) дал информированное добровольное письменное согласие на участие в исследовании и публикацию персональной медицинской информации в обезличенной форме в журнале «Гигиена и санитария».</italic></p><p><bold>Участие авторов:</bold> <italic>Никоношина Н.А.</italic> — сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка, написание и редактирование текста; <italic>Долгих О.В.</italic> — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание и редактирование текста.<italic>Все соавторы</italic> — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p><p><bold>Конфликт интересов.</bold> Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p><p><bold>Финансирование.</bold> Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p><p>Поступила: 27.10.2022 / Принята к печати: 08.12.2022 / Опубликована: 12.01.2023</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>benzo(a)pyrene</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>climatogeographic factors</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd><kwd>neurohumoral regulation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бенз(а)пирен</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>климатогеографические факторы</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd><kwd>нейрогуморальная регуляция</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>McCann M.S., Maguire-Zeiss K.A. 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