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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Hygiene and Sanitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Hygiene and Sanitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гигиена и санитария</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-9900</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">638962</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-10-1133-1138</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Features of the immune profile and polymorphism of candidate genes in children population of an industrially developed region with excessive contamination of the biological medium with mercury</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности иммунного профиля и полиморфизма кандидатных генов у детского населения при промышленной контаминации биосред ртутью</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9916-5491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>Nina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7271-9477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikonoshina</surname><given-names>Natalya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никоношина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4860-3145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>Олег Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD., DSci., head of the department of immunobiological diagnostic methods, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: oleg@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, зав. отд. иммунобиологических методов диагностики ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения», 614045, Пермь.</p><p>e-mail: oleg@fcrisk.ru</p></bio><email>oleg@fcrisk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр медико-профилактических технологий управления рисками здоровью населения» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-11-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>1133</fpage><lpage>1138</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-25"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Zaitseva N.V., Nikonoshina N.A., Dolgikh O.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Зайцева Н.В., Никоношина Н.А., Долгих О.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaitseva N.V., Nikonoshina N.A., Dolgikh O.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зайцева Н.В., Никоношина Н.А., Долгих О.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2022-10-31"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/638962">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/638962</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic><bold>Introduction. </bold>Analyzing the negative impact of technogenic chemicals on the health of the children’s population of industrially developed regions is an urgent problem of preventive medicine. Excessive accumulation of mercury in the human body causes disadaptation changes in the immune regulation of physiological processes. Therefore, the analysis of the features of the immune profile associated with polymorphic variants of candidate genes as markers of early disorders of the child population’s health status is relevant in preserving the health of the population of industrialized regions.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>A clinical and laboratory examination of the biological media of 215 children aged 4-6 years was carried out. The observation group consisted of 133 people living in an industrially developed region. The comparison group consisted of 82 people living in a relatively clean territory. </italic></p><p><italic>The level of contamination of the biological medium with mercury was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Identification of CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>-, CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>- and CD19<sup>+</sup>-lymphocytes was performed by flow cytofluorometry. The study of the phagocytic activity of leukocytes was carried out using formalized ram erythrocytes. The level of IgG production was determined using radial immunodiffusion by Mancini, specific IgG to mercury was carried out using allergosorbent testing with an enzyme label. Identification of single-nucleotide polymorphic variants (SNP) of the GSTA4 (rs3756980), FOXP3 (rs3761547), MTR (rs1805087), TERT (rs10054203) genes was carried out by real-time PCR.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Results. </bold>Children living near the territory of the chemical industry enterprise in conditions of mercury exposure at a level not exceeding hygienic standards are characterized by an increased level of mercury contamination of urine, exceeding the reference level and the level of the comparison group by 1.8 times (p&lt;0.05). The immune profile of children in the observation group is characterized by a decrease in the CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> immunoregulatory index due to the decline of CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> helpers and hyperproduction of CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic lymphocytes, inhibition of the phagocytic activity of leukocytes (percentage of phagocytosis, phagocytic number, phagocytic index) against the background of an increase in CD19<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes, serum IgG and a marker of specific sensitization — IgG to mercury (p&lt;0.05). Changes in the immune profile of children with an increased level of mercury contamination are associated with the C-allele and TC-heterozygous and CC-homozygous genotypes of the GSTA4 gene (rs3756980), the C-allele and CC-genotype of the FOXP3 gene (rs3761547), the A-allele and AA-genotype of the MTR gene (rs1805087) (OR&gt;1, p&lt;0.05), the G-allele and GG-genotype of the TERT gene (rs10054203) (p&lt;0.05). These genes are responsible for the features of detoxification processes, immunoregulation and longevity programs.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The established features of cellular (decrease in CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> due to CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> deficiency with simultaneous increase in CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>, inhibition of phagocytosis) and humoral (hyperproduction of IgG, specific IgG to mercury, CD19<sup>+</sup>) immunity associated with polymorphic variants of the glutathione S-transferase GSTA4 (rs3756980), transcription factor FOXP3 (rs3761547), MTR (rs1805087), TERT telomerase (rs10054203) in children with excessive contamination of the biological medium with mercury, a complex of immune and genetic markers of the effect and sensitivity of mercury exposure is formed.</italic></p><p><bold>Contribution: </bold></p><p><italic>Zaitseva N.V. </italic>— concept and design of the study, writing and editing the text;</p><p><italic>Nikonoshina N.A. </italic>— collection and processing of the material, writing and editing the text;</p><p><italic>Dolgikh O.V. </italic>— concept and design of the study, writing and editing the text.</p><p><italic>All authors </italic>are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p><p><bold>Conflict of interest. </bold>The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p><p><bold>Acknowledgement. </bold>The study had no sponsorship.</p><p>Received: July 6, 2021 / Accepted: September 28, 2021 / Published: October 31, 2021</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic><bold>Введение. </bold>Анализ негативного влияния техногенных химических веществ на здоровье детского населения промышленно развитых регионов является актуальной проблемой профилактической медицины. Избыточная кумуляция ртути в организме человека обусловливает дезадаптационные изменения иммунной регуляции физиологических процессов. Следовательно, анализ особенностей иммунного профиля, ассоциированных с полиморфными вариантами кандидатных генов как маркеров ранних нарушений состояния здоровья детского населения, является актуальным в аспекте сохранения здоровья населения промышленно развитых регионов.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Проведено клинико-лабораторное исследование биосред 215 детей в возрасте 4–6 лет. Группу наблюдения составили 133 человека, проживающие в условиях промышленно развитого региона. Группу сравнения составили 82 человека, проживающие на условно чистой территории. Уровень контаминации биосред ртутью определяли методом масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой. </italic></p><p><italic>Идентификацию CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>-, CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>- и CD19<sup>+</sup>-лимфоцитов проводили методом проточной цитофлуориметрии. Изучение фагоцитарной активности лейкоцитов проводили с использованием формалинизированных эритроцитов барана. Уровень продукции IgG определяли методом радиальной иммунодиффузии по Манчини, специфического IgG – методом аллергосорбентного тестирования с ферментной меткой. Идентификация однонуклеотидных полиморфных вариантов (SNP) генов GSTA4 (rs3756980), FOXP3 (rs3761547), метионинсинтазы MTR (rs1805087), TERT (rs10054203) проводилась методом ПЦР в режиме реального времени.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Результаты. </bold>Дети, проживающие вблизи предприятия химической промышленности в условиях экспозиции ртутью, не превышающей гигиенических нормативов, отличаются уровнем контаминации мочи ртутью, превышающим референтный уровень и уровень группы сравнения в 1,8 раза (p &lt; 0,05). Иммунный профиль детей группы наблюдения характеризуется снижением иммунорегуляторного индекса CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> за счёт CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>-хелперов и гиперпродукции CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>-цитотоксических лимфоцитов, угнетением фагоцитарной активности лейкоцитов (процент фагоцитоза, фагоцитарное число, фагоцитарный индекс) на фоне повышения CD19<sup>+</sup>-лимфоцитов, сывороточного IgG и маркера специфической сенсибилизации — IgG к ртути (p &lt; 0,05). Изменения иммунного профиля детей с повышенным уровнем контаминации биосред ртутью ассоциированы с С-аллелем и ТС-гетерозиготным и СС-гомозиготным генотипами гена GSTA4 (rs3756980), С-аллелем и СС-генотипом гена FOXP3 (rs3761547), А-аллелем и АА-генотипом гена MTR (rs1805087) (OR &gt; 1; p &lt; 0,05), G-аллелем и GG-генотипом гена TERT (rs10054203) (p &lt; 0,05), отвечающими за особенности процессов детоксикации, иммунорегуляции и программы долголетия.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Заключение. </bold>Установленные особенности клеточного (снижение CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> за счёт дефицита CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> с одновременным повышением CD3<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup>, угнетение фагоцитоза) и гуморального (гиперпродукция IgG, специфического IgG к ртути, CD19<sup>+</sup>) иммунитета, ассоциированные с полиморфными вариантами генов глутатион-S-трансферазы GSTA4 (rs3756980), фактора транскрипции FOXP3 (rs3761547), MTR (rs1805087), теломеразы TERT (rs10054203) у детей с избыточной контаминацией биосред ртутью формируют комплекс иммунных и генетических маркеров эффекта и чувствительности экспозиции ртутью.</italic></p><p><bold>Участие авторов:</bold></p><p><italic>Зайцева Н.В. —</italic> концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование;</p><p><italic>Никоношина Н.А. —</italic> сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование;</p><p><italic>Долгих О.В. —</italic> концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста, редактирование.</p><p><italic>Все соавторы —</italic> утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p><p><bold>Конфликт интересов. </bold>Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p><p><bold>Финансирование. </bold>Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p><p>Поступила: 06.07.2021/ Принята к печати: 28.09.2021 / Опубликована: 31.10.2021</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immune profile</kwd><kwd>gene polymorphism</kwd><kwd>mercury</kwd><kwd>contamination of biological media</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунный профиль</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм генов</kwd><kwd>ртуть</kwd><kwd>контаминация биосред</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kern J.K., Geier D.A., Mehta J.A., Homme K.G., Geier M.R. 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