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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Hygiene and Sanitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Hygiene and Sanitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гигиена и санитария</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-9900</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">639351</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-4-425-432</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOOD HYGIENE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ПИТАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Physiological and hygienic validation of the health benefits of garlic salt to prevent arterial hypertension</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиолого-гигиеническое обоснование эффективности применения чесночной соли для профилактики артериальной гипертензии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7491-0539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsikunib</surname><given-names>Aminet D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цикуниб</surname><given-names>Аминет Джахфаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSci., Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Nutrition and Ecology, Research Institute of Complex Problems of Adyghe State University, Maykop, 385000, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: cikunib58@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, профессор, зав. каф. химии, зав. лаб. нутрициологии, экологии и биотехнологии НИИ комплексных проблем ФГБОУ ВО «Адыгейский государственный университет», 385000, Майкоп.</p><p>e-mail: cikunib58@mail.ru</p></bio><email>cikunib58@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6693-6632</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ezlyu</surname><given-names>Fatima N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Езлю</surname><given-names>Ф. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6900-2333</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shartan</surname><given-names>Ruzanna R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шартан</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2706-4499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alimkhanova</surname><given-names>Aminat A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алимханова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Adyghe State University of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Адыгейский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Policlinic No. 7 in Krasnodar</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Городская поликлиника № 7 г. Краснодара» Министерства здравоохранения Краснодарского края</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Akhmat Abdulhamidovich Kadyrov Chechen State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Чеченский государственный университет имени Ахмата Абдулхамидовича Кадырова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-05-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>425</fpage><lpage>432</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-25"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Tsikunib A.D., Ezlyu F.N., Shartan R.R., Alimkhanova A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Цикуниб А.Д., Езлю Ф.Н., Шартан Р.Р., Алимханова А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsikunib A.D., Ezlyu F.N., Shartan R.R., Alimkhanova A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цикуниб А.Д., Езлю Ф.Н., Шартан Р.Р., Алимханова А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2023-04-30"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/639351">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/639351</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic><bold>Introduction. </bold>From hygienic point of view, the consumption of table salt (TS) neither below nor above the physiological norm is relevant to ensure normal biochemical processes of sodium metabolism in the body.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>The aim of the study </bold>was a physiological and hygienic validation of the health benefits of Adyghe garlic salt (GS), made by using traditional technology, for optimizing the level of NaCl consumption and prevention arterial hypertension.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>Seventy-one adolescent girl aged 12–15 years and 124 women aged 38.5±4.2 years of Adyg nationality took part in the studies. The attitude to GS and the level of its consumption were revealed by the method of focus groups, questionnaires and analysis of 3-day diets. Blood pressure indicators were determined by the oscillometric method, the content of albumin in morning urine — by the ICA method, the taste sensitivity threshold to salt (STST) — by the density measurement method, the efficiency of achieving a salty taste when using GS — by the tasting analysis method.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Results. </bold>Adolescent girls and women from families regularly using garlic salt (GS) in home cooking have been found to have low levels of NaCl consumption (LLNaClC). In families that do not use GS in practice, a high level of NaCl consumption (HLCNaCl) is detected. The STST values are reliably lower in LLNaClC groups. GS compared to TS is more effective in achieving salty taste by 23.2±1.84%. In the group of women with LLNaClC, blood pressure indices are lower, microalbuminuria is not detected.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Limitations. </bold>To substantiate the effectiveness of the use of GS to optimize the level of NaCl consumption and to carry out prevention of arterial hypertension, we took only female persons of the Adyghe nationality as participants of research. In the future, it is planned to expand research taking into account gender and national aspects.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Conclusion. </bold>GS reduces the NaCl consumption without disturbing hedonistic perception of taste. Increasing public awareness of the benefits of GS in achieving salty taste and its widespread introduction into the modern nutritional system of various populations can be an effective hygienic approach to optimizing NaCl consumption, and reducing the risk of arterial hypertension.</italic></p><p><bold>Contribution: </bold></p><p><italic>Tsikunib A.D. </italic>— research concept and design, material collection, research and data processing, writing;</p><p><italic>Ezlyu F.N. </italic>— collecting material, conducting research and processing data, and writing and editing the text;</p><p><italic>Shartan R.R. </italic>— collecting data from the literature, gathering material, conducting research, and processing data;</p><p><italic>Alimkhanova A.A. </italic>— literature data collection, data processing.</p><p><italic>All authors </italic>are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.</p><p><bold>Conflict of interest. </bold>The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p><p><bold>Acknowledgement. </bold>The study had no sponsorship.</p><p>Received: January 19, 2022 / Accepted: April 12, 2022 / Published: April 30, 2022</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>С гигиенических позиций актуальным является потребление пищевой соли (ПС) в соответствии с физиологической нормой, обеспечивающей оптимальные биохимические процессы обмена натрия в организме.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>— физиолого-гигиеническое обоснование эффективности применения традиционных технологий в оптимизации уровня потребления NaCl и профилактики артериальной гипертензии (АГ) на примере чесночной соли (ЧС).</p><p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>В исследованиях приняли участие девочки-подростки (n = 71, возраст 12–15 лет) и женщины (n = 124, возраст 38,5 ± 4,2 года) адыгской национальности. Отношение к ЧС и уровень её потребления выявляли методом фокус-групп, с помощью анкетирования и анализа трёхдневных рационов питания. Показатели артериального давления (АД) определяли осциллометрическим методом, содержание альбуминов в утренней моче — методом иммунохроматографического анализа (ИХА), порог вкусовой чувствительности к соли (ПВЧС) — методом густометрии, эффективность достижения солёного вкуса при применении ЧС — методом дегустационного анализа.</p><p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Установлено, что у девочек-подростков и женщин, в семьях которых регулярно используют в домашней кулинарии ЧС, выявляется низкий уровень потребления NaCl (НУПNaCl), а в семьях, практически не применяющих в домашней кулинарии ЧС, выявляется высокий уровень потребления NaCl (ВУПNaCl). Показатели ПВЧС в группах с НУПNaCl достоверно ниже. ЧС эффективнее ПС в достижении солёного вкуса на 23,2 ± 1,84%. В группе женщин с НУПNaCl показатели АД ниже, микроальбуминурия не выявляется.</p><p><bold>Ограничения исследования. </bold>В рамках исследования по обоснованию эффективности применения ЧС для оптимизации уровня потребления NaCl и профилактики артериальной гипертензии участниками исследования были выбраны лица женского пола адыгской национальности. В дальнейшем планируется расширение исследований с учётом гендерного и национального аспектов.</p><p><bold>Заключение. </bold>ЧС позволяет уменьшить потребление NaCl, не нарушая гедонистического восприятия вкуса. Повышение осведомлённости населения о преимуществах ЧС в достижении солёного вкуса и широкое её введение в современную систему питания различных групп населения может выступить эффективным гигиеническим подходом к оптимизации потребления NaCl и снижению риска АГ.</p><p><bold>Участие авторов: </bold></p><p><italic>Цикуниб А.Д. </italic>— концепция и дизайн исследования, проведение исследований и обработка данных, написание текста;</p><p><italic>Езлю Ф.Н. </italic>— сбор материала, проведение исследований, обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование;</p><p><italic>Шартан Р.Р. </italic>— сбор материала и данных литературы, проведение исследований, обработка данных;</p><p><italic>Алимханова А.А. </italic>— сбор и обработка данных литературы.</p><p><italic>Все соавторы </italic>— утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p><p><bold>Конфликт интересов. </bold>Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.</p><p><bold>Финансирование. </bold>Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p><p>Поступила: 19.01.2022 / Принята к печати: 12.04.2022 / Опубликована: 30.04.2022</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>garlic salt</kwd><kwd>table salt</kwd><kwd>taste sensitivity threshold</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>microalbuminuria</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>чесночная соль</kwd><kwd>пищевая соль</kwd><kwd>порог вкусовой чувствительности</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>микроальбуминурия</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu N. 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