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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Hygiene and Sanitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Hygiene and Sanitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гигиена и санитария</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-9900</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">639441</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-3-279-284</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИГИЕНА ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Risks of developing diseases of an eye and its adnexa in students in conditions of the violation of hygienic rules for the use of electronic devices</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Риски развития болезней глаза и его придаточного аппарата у обучающихся в условиях нарушения гигиенических правил использования электронных устройств</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-9984</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skoblina</surname><given-names>Nataliya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скоблина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5386-9082</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>Valery I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Валерий Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., Head of the Department of General Hygiene, Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Voronezh, 394036, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: 9038504004@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой общей гигиены ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава России, 394036, Воронеж.</p><p>e-mail: 9038504004@mail.ru</p></bio><email>9038504004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9339-9254</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eryomin</surname><given-names>Alexey L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еремин</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0584-2322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markelova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркелова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6534-7951</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Milushkina</surname><given-names>Olga Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милушкина</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0287-3123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Obrubov</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обрубов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-559X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsameryan</surname><given-names>Alfred P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цамерян</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kuban Medical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НОЧУ ВО «Кубанский медицинский институт»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Hygiene and Ecology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Научно-исследовательский институт гигиены и экологии»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dolgoprudny Gymnasium</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАОУ Московской области «Долгопрудненская гимназия»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>279</fpage><lpage>284</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-25"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Skoblina N.A., Popov V.I., Eryomin A.L., Markelova S.V., Milushkina O.Y., Obrubov S.A., Tsameryan A.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Скоблина Н.А., Попов В.И., Еремин А.Л., Маркелова С.В., Милушкина О.Ю., Обрубов С.А., Цамерян А.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Skoblina N.A., Popov V.I., Eryomin A.L., Markelova S.V., Milushkina O.Y., Obrubov S.A., Tsameryan A.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Скоблина Н.А., Попов В.И., Еремин А.Л., Маркелова С.В., Милушкина О.Ю., Обрубов С.А., Цамерян А.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2022-04-16"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/639441">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/639441</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic><bold>Introduction. </bold>The process of involving children, adolescents and youth in the constantly developing information space is an objective reality. At the same time, the lack of monitored indices of the safety of electronic devices (ED) for the health of children and adolescents, the lack of a clearly built system of preventive measures require its development and improvement, which will reduce the risk of the digital information environment impact on the health of the younger generation.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Materials and methods. </bold>The survey using a questionnaire, developed by specialists from the Research Institute of Hygiene and Health Protection of Children and Adolescents in 2017-2020, was used to collect data on the nature of ED using by schoolchildren and students in educational and leisure activities (1218 questionnaires). In 2017-2020, 805 schoolchildren and students from the Moscow gymnasium №12 and the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University underwent an ophthalmological examination.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Results. </bold>All the surveyed schoolchildren and students used ED. Analysis of the questionnaire data allowed us to determine the duration of continuous use of ED (computer, laptop, tablet, smartphone, etc.) by children, adolescents, and young people during school and vacation time. All categories of respondents both during the academic period and during holidays showed a high duration of continuous use of ED. Thus, the presence of a behavioral risk factor for the uncontrolled use of ED (long duration of continuous work with ED) was shown among all categories of respondents, which may cause the development of eye diseases. The analysis of the results obtained revealed significant negative values of the correlation coefficients between students’ visual acuity and the duration of their continuous use of both stationary (computer) and mobile (smartphone, tablet) ED. </italic></p><p><italic><bold>Discussion. </bold>The introduction of these preventive measures into the daily routine and lifestyle of children, adolescents, and young people will help prevent visual acuity disorders.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Conclusion. </bold>It is necessary to introduce hygienic rationing of the frequency and duration of the possible influence of ED not only during the educational process but also in leisure time to increase the awareness of parents and the degree of their control over the use of ED. To elevate awareness of all ED users’ categories it is necessary to intensify work to promote the rules for the safe use of ED and related foundations of a healthy lifestyle and self-control over ED use.</italic></p><p><italic>In connection with the development of the digital educational environment, it is advisable to improve the hygienic standardization of text information in electronic publications for children, adolescents, and students. To prevent the symptoms of eye fatigue, it is advisable to limit continuous work with a bright screen (no more than 60 minutes), followed by a break of at least 15-20 minutes, not related to viewing the illuminated screen, in compliance with the recommendations for relieving stress from the visual analyzer.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic><bold>Введение. </bold>Процесс вовлечения детей, подростков и молодёжи в постоянно развивающееся информационное пространство является объективной реальностью. При этом недостаточность контролируемых показателей безопасности электронных устройств для здоровья детей и подростков, отсутствие чётко выстроенной системы профилактических мероприятий требуют ее разработки и совершенствования, что позволит снизить риск влияния цифровой информационной среды на состояние здоровья подрастающего поколения.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>С помощью анкетирования с использованием опросника, разработанного специалистами НИИ гигиены и охраны здоровья детей и подростков в 2017–2020 гг., были получены данные о характере использования электронных устройств (ЭУ) школьниками и студентами в учебной и досуговой деятельности (1218 анкет). В период 2017–2020 гг. был проведён офтальмологический осмотр 805 школьников и студентов из «Долгопрудненской гимназии» и РНИМУ имени Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Результаты. </bold>Отмечено использование ЭУ 100% опрошенных школьников и студентов. Анализ анкетных данных позволил установить длительность непрерывного использования ЭУ (компьютер, ноутбук, планшет, смартфон и т. п.) детьми, подростками и молодёжью в учебное и в каникулярное время. Установлена высокая длительность непрерывного использования ЭУ всеми категориями опрошенных как в учебный период, так и во время каникул.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Заключение. </bold>Необходимо введение гигиенического нормирования частоты и продолжительности возможного влияния ЭУ не только во время учебного процесса, но и в досуговое время, повышение информированности родителей и степени их контроля за использованием ЭУ. В связи с развитием цифровой образовательной среды целесообразно совершенствование гигиенического нормирования текстовой информации в электронных изданиях для детей, подростков, студентов.</italic></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>students</kwd><kwd>schoolchildren</kwd><kwd>electronic devices</kwd><kwd>smartphones</kwd><kwd>visual stress</kwd><kwd>diseases</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>студенты</kwd><kwd>школьники</kwd><kwd>электронные устройства</kwd><kwd>смартфон</kwd><kwd>зрительные нагрузки</kwd><kwd>болезни глаза и его придаточного аппарата</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuchma V.R., Sukhareva L.M., Khramtsov P.I. Hygienic safety children in hyperinformation society. Zdorov’e naseleniya i sreda obitaniya. 2016; (8): 4–7. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кучма В.Р., Сухарева Л.М., Храмцов П.И. 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