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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Hygiene and Sanitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Hygiene and Sanitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гигиена и санитария</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-9900</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">640161</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-1-11-16</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEM-SOLVING ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Algorithm of decision-making on social and medical protection in emergency situation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Алгоритм принятия решений по социальной и медицинской защите в чрезвычайной ситуации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloviev</surname><given-names>Vladimir Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьёв</surname><given-names>Владимир Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., DSci., Head of the Laboratory of technogenic risk analysis of the A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre, Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: soloviev.fmbc@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор биол. наук, канд. тех. наук, зав. лаб. анализа техногенных рисков.</p><p>e-mail: soloviev.fmbc@gmail.com</p></bio><email>soloviev.fmbc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demin</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дёмин</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnyuk</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснюк</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ ГНЦ Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБГУ Национальный исследовательский центр «Курчатовский институт»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-01-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-29"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Soloviev V.Y., Demin V.F., Krasnyuk V.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Соловьёв В.Ю., Дёмин В.Ф., Краснюк В.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Soloviev V.Y., Demin V.F., Krasnyuk V.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соловьёв В.Ю., Дёмин В.Ф., Краснюк В.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/640161">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/640161</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic><bold>The aim of the study. </bold>The development of decision-making algorithm for decisions on the social and medical protection of people in emergency situations based on risk analysis. </italic></p><p><italic><bold>Material and methods. </bold>The problems and conceptual provisions of risk assessment and decision-making, based on its results, are described concerning the social and medical protection of personnel of hazardous industries and the population in the event of an emergency situation (ES) in which the level of exposure to hazardous factors may exceed the established safety standards. The object of risk assessment and analysis are stochastic (probabilistic) effects of exposure to ES hazard factors. Their main features, which create complex problems in risk assessment and making decisions on protective measures, is the non-specific effects of the hazardous factors’ impact on human health and their possible latency.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Results. </bold>The first step before decisions on the protective measures should be to identify a high-risk group among people affected by ES, based on the risk assessment. Three variants of decision-making for the high-risk group are considered: 1) financial compensation for risk, 2) medical measures for protecting health and 3) compensation for the realized damage to health. The requirements of the risk assessment methodology are formulated.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Discussion. </bold>It is shown that the first option can not provide optimal and justified protection of the health and well-being of people in ES. Decisions on this protection are proposed to be based on a combination of options 2) and 3). The choice of the optimal combination depends on the specific situation and development of emergencies, on the success of implementing engineering and organizational protective measures aimed at preventing "doses" of exposure to people of hazardous factors of the emergency above the established safety limits and on the effectiveness and timeliness of medical protection.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The choice of the option of making an effective decision on social and medical protection should be based on the detailed risk assessment from the exposure to hazardous factors, including risk assessment in economic indicators. </italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic><bold>Введение.</bold> Разработка алгоритма принятия решений по социальной и медицинской защите людей в чрезвычайной ситуации на основе анализа риска. </italic></p><p><italic><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>Описаны проблемы и концептуальные положения оценки риска и принятия на их основе решений по социальной и медицинской защите персонала опасных производств и населения при возникновении чрезвычайной (аварийной) ситуации (ЧС), в которой уровень воздействия опасных факторов может превысить установленные нормы безопасности. Объектом оценки и анализа риска являются стохастические (вероятностные) эффекты воздействия опасных факторов ЧС. Главной их особенностью, создающей сложные проблемы в оценке риска и принятии решений по защитным мерам, является неспецифичность и возможная латентность эффектов их воздействия на здоровье человека.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Результаты. </bold>Первым шагом в предлагаемом алгоритме принятия решений по защитным мерам должно быть выделение группы повышенного риска среди людей, оказавшихся под воздействием ЧС, на основе оценки риска. Рассмотрены три варианта принятия решений в отношении группы повышенного риска: 1) финансовая компенсация за риск; 2) медицинские меры защиты здоровья; 3) компенсация за реализованный ущерб здоровью. Сформулированы требования к методике оценки риска.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Обсуждение. </bold>Показано, что первый вариант не может обеспечить оптимальную и обоснованную защиту здоровья и благополучия людей в условиях ЧС. Принятие решений по этой защите предлагается основывать на комбинации вариантов 2) и 3). Выбор оптимальной комбинации зависит от конкретной ситуации возникновения и развития ЧС, от успеха реализации инженерных и организационных защитных мероприятий, направленных на недопущение «доз» воздействия на людей опасных факторов выше установленных пределов и от эффективности и своевременности мероприятий по медицинской защите. </italic></p><p><italic><bold>Заключение. </bold>Выбор варианта принятия эффективного решения по социальной и медицинской защите должен быть основан на детальной оценке риска воздействия всех опасных факторов ЧС, включая оценку риска в экономических показателях.</italic></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>risk assessment</kwd><kwd>risk management</kwd><kwd>methodology</kwd><kwd>health safety standard</kwd><kwd>emergency</kwd><kwd>high-risk group</kwd><kwd>decision-making</kwd><kwd>medical protective measures</kwd><kwd>social protective measures</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оценка риска</kwd><kwd>управление риском</kwd><kwd>методика</kwd><kwd>норма безопасности</kwd><kwd>чрезвычайная ситуация</kwd><kwd>группа повышенного риска</kwd><kwd>принятие решений</kwd><kwd>медицинские меры защиты, социальные меры защиты</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rakhmanin Yu.A., Demin V.F., Ivanov S.I. 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