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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Hygiene and Sanitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Hygiene and Sanitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гигиена и санитария</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-9900</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">640232</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2019-98-3-328-331</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКОЕ НОРМИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">To the mechanism of seasonal variations in carbon tetrachloride toxicity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>К механизму сезонной хронореактивности тетрахлорметана</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6233-5944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skupnevskii</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скупневский</surname><given-names>Сергей Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Ph.D., Researcher of the F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene named after of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, RussianFederation.</p><p>e-mail: dreammas@yandex.ru; pesticidi@fferisman.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. биол. наук, науч. сотр. ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Роспотребнадзора, 141014, Московская область, Мытищи.</p><p>e-mail: dreammas@yandex.ru; pesticidi@fferisman.ru</p></bio><email>dreammas@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene named after of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Федеральный научный центр гигиены имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biomedical Investigations - the Affiliate of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биомедицинских исследований Владикавказского научного центра РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-03-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>328</fpage><lpage>331</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-29"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Skupnevskii S.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Скупневский С.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Skupnevskii S.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Скупневский С.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/640232">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/640232</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic><bold>Introduction. </bold>Seasonal biorhythms can modify the toxic effect of xenobiotics. Natural fluctuations in hormone levels in the blood which can modify the metabolic processes in the liver can be the base of one of the mechanisms in this phenomenon. The study of the effector role of testosterone in seasonal chrono-reactivity can reveal one new link in the pathogenesis and will improve health risk assessment, especially in patients taking hormone therapy. </italic></p><p><italic><bold>The aim of the study </bold>was to reveal the role of testosterone in the mechanisms of chrono-reactivity the toxic effect for carbon tetrachloride in warm-blooded animals. </italic></p><p><italic><bold>Material and Methods. </bold>Studies were conducted on adult male Wistar rats, divided into negative control groups, a model with CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced toxic hepatitis, and experimental in which CCl<sub>4</sub> exposure was carried out following a preliminary 7-day course of testosterone administration. Direct and total bilirubin, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, AlAT and AsAT, hydroperoxide and malondialdehyde were determined by standard methods. The experiment was repeated twice: both in winter and spring. </italic></p><p><italic><bold>Results. </bold>The amplitude of the damage to the structures and functions of hepatocytes from a single injection of the same poison dosage in winter and spring manifested in varying degrees, revealing the modulatory role of biological rhythms. Under premedication with testosterone, a similar tendency was observed in both series of the experiment (winter, spring): the toxic effect of CCl4 increased. This was recorded by the following biochemical changes: bilirubin increased by 55%, cholesterol - 19%, alkaline phosphatase - 12%, AlAT - 17%, AsAT - 35%, hydroperoxide - 29%, and malonic dialdehyde slightly (relative to groups with model toxic hepatitis). </italic></p><p><italic><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The male sex hormone regulating the metabolic activation of cytochromes in hepatocytes performing biotransformation is one of the effector links in the seasonal chrono-reactivity phenomena. The discovery of the whole mechanism will allow developing an effective system of chronoprophylaxis and reducing the risks of toxic poisoning in individuals during periods of maximum chrono-reactivity.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic><bold>Введение. </bold>Сезонные биоритмы способны модифицировать токсическое действие ксенобиотиков. В основе одного из механизмов этого явления могут быть естественные колебания в крови андрогенов, влияющих на процессы метаболизма в печени. Изучение эффекторной роли тестостерона в сезонной хронореактивности позволит вскрыть одно из звеньев в патогенезе и корректнее оценить химические риски для здоровья людей, особенно применяющих гормонотерапию. </italic></p><p><italic><bold>Цель работы </bold>– изучение роли тестостерона в механизмах хронореактивности токсического эффекта тетрахлорметана у теплокровных животных. </italic></p><p><italic><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>исследования проведены на половозрелых самцах крыс линии Wistar, разделённых на группы негативного контроля, модельную с CCl<sub>4</sub>-индуцированным токсическим гепатитом и опытную, в которой экспозиция CCl4 осуществлялась после предварительного 7-дневного курса введения тестостерона. Определялись прямой и общий билирубин, холестерин, щелочная фосфатаза, АлАТ и АсАТ, гидроперекиси и малоновый диальдегид по стандартным методикам. Весь эксперимент повторялся дважды: зимой и весной. </italic></p><p><italic><bold>Результаты. </bold>Степень повреждения структур и функций гепатоцитов от разового введения одной и той же дозировки яда зимой и весной проявлялась по-разному, выявляя модуляторную роль биологических ритмов. На фоне премедикации тестостероном в обоих сериях эксперимента (зима, весна) наблюдалась схожая тенденция: токсическое действие CCl4 усиливалось. Это фиксировалось следующими биохимическими изменениями: билирубин повышался на 55%, холестерин на 19%, щелочная фосфатаза на 12%, АлАТ на 17%, АсАТ на 35%, гидроперекиси на 29%, малоновый диальдегид повышался незначительно (относительно групп с модельным токсическим гепатитом). </italic></p><p><italic><bold>Заключение. </bold>Одним из эффекторных звеньев в феноменах сезонной хронореактивности выступает мужской половой гормон, регулирующий метаболическую активацию цитохромов в гепатоцитах, осуществляющих биотрансформацию. Раскрытие всего механизма позволит разработать эффективную систему хронопрофилактики и снизить риски токсического отравления у лиц в периоды максимальной хронореактивности.</italic></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chemical health risks</kwd><kwd>chronoreactivity</kwd><kwd>chronotoxicology</kwd><kwd>seasonal biorhythms</kwd><kwd>steroid hormones</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сезонные биоритмы</kwd><kwd>стероидные гормоны</kwd><kwd>химические риски для здоровья</kwd><kwd>хронореактивность</kwd><kwd>хронотоксикология</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Soldin O.P., Chung S.H., Mattison D.R. Sex Differences in Drug Disposition. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011; 2011: 187103. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/187103</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skakun N.P., Ciljurik I.T., Volkova JI.A., Kudin A.T. 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