Hygiene and SanitationHygiene and SanitationГигиена и санитария0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman64025810.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-9-930-938ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENEГИГИЕНА ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫAnalysis of the health status of the population living in conditions of air pollution with odorous substances (literature review)Анализ состояния здоровья населения, проживающего в условиях загрязнения атмосферного воздуха пахучими веществами (обзор литературы)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7251-3938GoshinMikhail E.ГошинМихаил Евгеньевич
Russian Federation

MD, Ph.D., senior researcher, Department of environmental hygiene, Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation.

e-mail: mgoshin@cspmz.ru

Канд. хим. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отдела гигиены окружающей среды ФГБУ "ЦСП" ФМБА России, 119121, Москва.

e-mail: mgoshin@cspmz.ru

mgoshin@cspmz.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4319-7192BudarinaOlga V.БударинаО. В.
Russian Federation
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8386-911XDeminaNadezhda N.ДеминаН. Н.
Russian Federation
Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks» of the Federal Medical Biological AgencyФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» Федерального медико-биологического агентства2009202099993093829102024Copyright ©; 2024, Goshin M.E., Budarina O.V., Demina N.N.Copyright ©; 2024, Гошин М.Е., Бударина О.В., Демина Н.Н.2024Goshin M.E., Budarina O.V., Demina N.N.Гошин М.Е., Бударина О.В., Демина Н.Н.https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/640258

The article provides the literature review devoted to the analysis of international research on the effects of air odor pollution on population health. A literature search was carried out using the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Global Health, RSCI. The authors analyzed a total of 59 publications from 1949 to 2019. Analysis of the results of studies conducted in various countries (mainly using survey methods), showed the inhabitants of residential areas located near sources of odor, compared with the control areas, more often to have various somatic (respiratory disorders, nausea, eye irritation, headache, dizziness, sleep problems, stomach upset, etc.) and emotional (stress, fatigability, depression) symptoms. At the same time, a significant correlation with these symptoms most often shows a subjective assessment of the frequency and intensity of odor perception by the residents. The researches allow assuming the odor to effect on these disorders indirectly, through the so-called “annoyance”, which is a more powerful predictor of symptoms than the perception of odor, its concentration, or distance to the source. According to researchers, annoyance is a complex of human reactions that occurs as a result of exposure to odor as a stressful factor that causes negative cognitive assessment requiring a certain response. Annoyance is an emotional response to a stimulus that can mediate various symptoms. In addition to the direct effects of odor, a significant influence on the degree of annoyance have socio-economic factors, subjective perception of odor as a harmful factor for the health, personal, and situational factors. The authors conclude that it is necessary to expand approaches to assessing the influence of odors on the health status and quality of life of the population with comprehensive studies, including morbidity analysis, with using highly informative non-invasive methods for the study of cytogenetic, cytological, immunological, psychological status and adaptive capacity of the organism.

Обзор литературы посвящён анализу международного опыта изучения влияния загрязнения атмосферного воздуха запахом на здоровье населения. Поиск литературы осуществляли с использованием баз данных Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Global Health, РИНЦ. Всего проанализировано 59 публикаций за период с 1949-го по 2019 г. Анализ результатов исследований, проведённых в различных странах (в основном с помощью опросных методов), показал, что у жителей селитебных территорий, расположенных вблизи объектов - источников запаха, по сравнению с контрольными территориями чаще встречаются различные соматические (затруднение дыхания, тошнота, раздражение глаз, головная боль, головокружение, проблемы со сном, желудочные расстройства и др.) и эмоциональные (перенапряжение, утомляемость, депрессия) симптомы. При этом достоверную связь с указанными симптомами чаще всего демонстрирует субъективная оценка частоты и интенсивности восприятия запаха жителями. Проведённые исследования позволяют предположить, что запах влияет на возникновение этих нарушений опосредованно, через так называемое «раздражение» («annoyance»), являющееся более сильным предиктором симптомов, чем непосредственно восприятие запаха, его концентрация или расстояние до источника. Согласно зарубежным исследователям, раздражение запахом - это комплекс реакций человека, возникающих в результате экспозиции к запаху как стрессовому фактору, который вызывает негативную когнитивную оценку, требующую определённого ответа. Раздражение является эмоциональным ответом на стимул, который может служить посредником в возникновении различных симптомов. Помимо непосредственного воздействия запаха определяющее влияние на степень раздражения оказывают социально-экономические факторы, субъективное восприятие запаха как угрозы для здоровья, персональные и ситуационные факторы. Авторы приходят к заключению о необходимости расширения подходов к оценке влияния запахов на состояние здоровья и качество жизни населения с проведением комплексных исследований, включающих анализ заболеваемости, исследования различных показателей здоровья с помощью высокоинформативных неинвазивных методов изучения цитогенетического, цитологического, иммунологического, психологического статуса, а также адаптационных возможностей организма.

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