Hygiene and SanitationHygiene and SanitationГигиена и санитария0016-99002412-0650Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman64026010.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-9-947-950OCCUPATIONAL HEALTHМЕДИЦИНА ТРУДАThe relationship between different aspects of occupational stress and general healthThe relationship between different aspects of occupational stress and general healthhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0650-6654MohammadiS.
Iran, Islamic Republic of
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0443-4717HosseininejadM.
Iran, Islamic Republic of
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3099-7054TaghizadehS.
Iran, Islamic Republic of
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2141-5841Kabir-MokamelkhahE.
Iran, Islamic Republic of

Associate Professor, Occupational Medicine Research Center, Occupational Medicine Department - Faculty of MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN.

e-mail: kabir.e@iums.ac.ir

Associate Professor, Occupational Medicine Research Center, Occupational Medicine Department - Faculty of MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN.

у-mail: kabir.e@iums.ac.ir

kabir.e@iums.ac.irOccupational Medicine Research Center, Occupational Medicine Department - Faculty of Medicine - Iran University of Medical SciencesOccupational Medicine Research Center, Occupational Medicine Department – Faculty of Medicine – Iran University of Medical Sciences2009202099994795029102024Copyright ©; 2024, Mohammadi S., Hosseininejad M., Taghizadeh S., Kabir-Mokamelkhah E.Copyright ©; 2024, Mohammadi S., Hosseininejad M., Taghizadeh S., Kabir-Mokamelkhah E.2024Mohammadi S., Hosseininejad M., Taghizadeh S., Kabir-Mokamelkhah E.Mohammadi S., Hosseininejad M., Taghizadeh S., Kabir-Mokamelkhah E.https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/640260

Introduction. Stress is one of the most common problems at work environments, which may have a negative effect on physical and mental health. Besides, general health problems are the most commonly discussed matter relating to occupational health, causing a reduction in the individual performance quality and work absence.

Aims and objectives. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between the different indicators of occupational stress and general health.

Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted among the office workers in Tehran in 2017. HSE’ occupational stress questionnaire was used to develop the different aspects of occupational stress. General health status was determined by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The relationship between different levels of occupational stress and general health was examined by statistical methods.

Results. The study was conducted among a total of 393 participant. The mean scores of occupational stress and general health were 3.23 ± 0.44 and 3.26 ± 2.92, respectively. A significant statistical relationship was observed between general health and the different indicators of occupational stress including role (OR = 10.95, P value <0.001), relationships (OR = 2.73, P value <0.001), manager support (OR = 2.43, P value <0.001), demand (OR = 1.98, P value = 0.001) and organizational changes (OR = 3.03, P value <0.001), suggesting that as the level of occupational stress increased, the level of general health declined

Conclusion. Attention to the different indicators of occupational stress and to the efficient ways to avoid and manage it can play an important role in improving the general health status of office workers.

Introduction. Stress is one of the most common problems at work environments, which may have a negative effect on physical and mental health. Besides, general health problems are the most commonly discussed matter relating to occupational health, causing a reduction in the individual performance quality and work absence.

Aims and objectives. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between the different indicators of occupational stress and general health.

Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted among the office workers in Tehran in 2017. HSE’ occupational stress questionnaire was used to develop the different aspects of occupational stress. General health status was determined by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The relationship between different levels of occupational stress and general health was examined by statistical methods.

Results. The study was conducted among a total of 393 participant. The mean scores of occupational stress and general health were 3.23 ± 0.44 and 3.26 ± 2.92, respectively. A significant statistical relationship was observed between general health and the different indicators of occupational stress including role (OR = 10.95, P value <0.001), relationships (OR = 2.73, P value <0.001), manager support (OR = 2.43, P value <0.001), demand (OR = 1.98, P value = 0.001) and organizational changes (OR = 3.03, P value <0.001), suggesting that as the level of occupational stress increased, the level of general health declined

Conclusion. Attention to the different indicators of occupational stress and to the efficient ways to avoid and manage it can play an important role in improving the general health status of office workers.

Job StressGeneral HealthOffice WorkerTajvar A., Saraji G.N., Ghanbarnejad A., Omidi L., Hosseini S.S., Abadi A.S. Occupational stress and mental health among nurses in a medical intensive care unit of a general hospital in Bandar Abbas in 2013. Electron. Physician. 2015; 7(3): 1108–13. https://doi.org/10.14661/2015.1108-1113Tajvar A., Saraji G.N., Ghanbarnejad A., Omidi L., Hosseini S.S., Abadi A.S. Occupational stress and mental health among nurses in a medical intensive care unit of a general hospital in Bandar Abbas in 2013. Electron. Physician. 2015; 7(3): 1108-13. https://doi.org/10.14661/2015.1108-1113Greenberg J., Baron R.A. Behavior in Organizations: Understanding and Managing the Human Side of Work. Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs, NJ; 1995.Huang G.D., Feuerstein M., Sauter S.L. Occupational stress and work‐related upper extremity disorders: Concepts and models. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2002; 41(5): 298–314. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10045Huang G.D., Feuerstein M., Sauter S.L. Occupational stress and work-related upper extremity disorders: Concepts and models. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2002; 41(5): 298-314. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10045Stansfeld S.A. Commentary: The problem with stress: minds, hearts and disease. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2002; 31(6): 1113–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/31.6.1113Stansfeld S.A. Commentary: The problem with stress: minds, hearts and disease. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2002; 31(6): 1113-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/31.6.1113Piko B.F. Burnout, role conflict, job satisfaction and psychosocial health among Hungarian health care staff: A questionnaire survey. Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 2006; 43(3): 311–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.05.003Piko B.F. Burnout, role conflict, job satisfaction and psychosocial health among Hungarian health care staff: A questionnaire survey. Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 2006; 43(3): 311-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.05.003Tselebis A., Moulou A., Ilias I. Burnout versus depression and sense of coherence: Study of Greek nursing staff. Nurs. Health Sci. 2001; 3(2): 69–71. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2018.2001.00074.xTselebis A., Moulou A., Ilias I. Burnout versus depression and sense of coherence: Study of Greek nursing staff. Nurs. Health Sci. 2001; 3(2): 69-71. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2018.2001.00074.xKhamisa N., Oldenburg B., Peltzer K., Ilic D. Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2015; 12(1): 652–66. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120100652Khamisa N., Oldenburg B., Peltzer K., Ilic D. Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2015; 12(1): 652-66. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120100652Conway M., O’Connor D. Social media, big data, and mental health: current advances and ethical implications. Curr. Opin. Psychol. 2016; 9: 77–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.01.004Conway M., O’Connor D. Social media, big data, and mental health: current advances and ethical implications. Curr. Opin. Psychol. 2016; 9: 77-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.01.004Roelen C.A., van Hoffen M.F., Waage S., Schaufeli W.B., Twisk J.W., Bjorvatn B., et al. Psychosocial work environment and mental health-related long-term sickness absence among nurses. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 2018; 91(2): 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-017-1268-1Roelen C.A., van Hoffen M.F., Waage S., Schaufeli W.B., Twisk J.W., Bjorvatn B., et al. Psychosocial work environment and mental health-related long-term sickness absence among nurses. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 2018; 91(2): 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-017-1268-1Malik N.A., Björkqvist K. Occupational stress and mental and musculoskeletal health among university teachers. Eurasian J. Med. Investig. 2018; 2(3): 139-47. https://doi.org/10.14744/ejmi.2018.41636WHO. Promoting mental health: Concepts, emerging evidence, practice. Summary report. Geneva; 2004.Lachein B., Chashchin V.P., Zhukova D.Yu., Korzinina I.A. Self-assessment of occupational stress and workability in the implementation of the world health organization’s global strategy «health for all» at the workplace level in modern machinery companies. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2019; 98(6): 677–81. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-6-677-681Лахгайн Б., Чащин В.П., Жукова Д.Ю., Корзинина И.А. Самооценка профессионального стресса и работоспособности на уровне рабочего места в современном машиностроительном производстве. Гигиена и санитария. 2019; 98(6): 677–81. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-6-677-681Saxena S., Funk M., Chisholm D. WHO’s Mental Health Action Plan 2013‐2020: what can psychiatrists do to facilitate its implementation? World Psychiatry. 2014; 13(2): 107–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20141Saxena S., Funk M., Chisholm D. WHO’s Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020: what can psychiatrists do to facilitate its implementation? World Psychiatry. 2014; 13(2): 107-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20141Mark G., Smith A.P. Occupational stress, job characteristics, coping, and the mental health of nurses. Br. J. Health Psychol. 2012; 17(3): 505–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8287.2011.02051.xMark G., Smith A.P. Occupational stress, job characteristics, coping, and the mental health of nurses. Br. J. Health Psychol. 2012; 17(3): 505-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8287.2011.02051.xChopra P. Mental health and the workplace: issues for developing countries. Int. J. Ment. Health Syst. 2009; 3(1): 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-3-4Tang C.S.K., Au W.T., Schwarzer R., Schmitz G. Mental health outcomes of job stress among Chinese teachers: Role of stress resource factors and burnout. J. Organ. Behav. 2001; 22(8): 887–901. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.120Tang C.S.K., Au W.T., Schwarzer R., Schmitz G. Mental health outcomes of job stress among Chinese teachers: Role of stress resource factors and burnout. J. Organ. Behav. 2001; 22(8): 887-901. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.120Azad Marzabadi E., Gholami Fesharaki M. Effective factors on job stress in military personnel. J. Mil. Med. 2011; 13(1): 1–6.Azad Marzabadi E., Gholami Fesharaki M. Effective factors on job stress in military personnel. J. Mil. Med. 2011; 13(1): 1-6.Ryu H., Moon J., Jung J. Influence of health behaviors and occupational stress on prediabetic state among male office workers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2018; 15(6): 1264. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15061264Ryu H., Kim Y., Lee J., Yoon S.J., Cho J.H., Wong E., et al. Office workers’ risk of metabolic syndrome-related indicators: A 10-year cohort study. West. J. Nurs. Res. 2016; 38(11): 1433–47.Ryu H., Kim Y., Lee J., Yoon S.J., Cho J.H., Wong E., et al. Office workers’ risk of metabolic syndrome-related indicators: A 10-year cohort study. West. J. Nurs. Res. 2016; 38(11): 1433-47.Ryu H., Chin D.L. Factors associated with metabolic syndrome among Korean office workers. Arch. Environ. Occup. Health. 2017; 72(5): 249–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2016.1200004Ryu H., Chin D.L. Factors associated with metabolic syndrome among Korean office workers. Arch. Environ. Occup. Health. 2017; 72(5): 249-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2016.1200004Myong J.P., Kim H.R., Choi W.S., Jo S.E., Lee B., Koo J.W., et al. The relation between employees’ lifestyle and their health status in an electronics research and development company. Korean J. Occup. Environ. Med. 2009; 21(1): 1–9.Myong J.P., Kim H.R., Choi W.S., Jo S.E., Lee B., Koo J.W., et al. The relation between employees’ lifestyle and their health status in an electronics research and development company. Korean J. Occup. Environ. Med. 2009; 21(1): 1-9.Azad Marzabadi E., Gholami Fesharaki M. Reliability and validity assessment for the HSE job stress questionnaire. Int. J. Behav. Sci. 2011; 4(4): 291–7.Azad Marzabadi E., Gholami Fesharaki M. Reliability and validity assessment for the HSE job stress questionnaire. Int. J. Behav. Sci. 2011; 4(4): 291-7.Montazeri A., Harirchi A.M., Shariati M., Garmaroudi G., Ebadi M., Fateh A. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12): translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Health Qual. Life Outcomes. 2003; 1(1): 66. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-1-66Lim Y.M., Tam C.L., Lee T.H. Perceived stress, coping strategy and general health: A study on accounting students in Malaysia. Researchers World. 2013; 4(1): 88.Guidi S., Bagnara S., Fichera G.P. The HSE indicator tool, psychological distress and work ability. Occup. Med. (Lond.). 2012; 62(3): 203–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs021Guidi S., Bagnara S., Fichera G.P. The HSE indicator tool, psychological distress and work ability. Occup. Med. (Lond.). 2012; 62(3): 203-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs021Komeili-Sani M., Etemadi A., Boustani H., Bahreini M., Hakimi A. The relationship between nurses’ clinical competency and job stress in Ahvaz university hospital, 2013. J. Clin. Nurs. Midwife. 2015; 4.Hajiamini Z., Cheraghalipour Z., Marzabadi A., Ebadi A., Norouzi Koushali A. Comparison of job stress in military and non-military drivers in Tehran city. J. Mil. Med. 2011; 13(1): 25–30.Hajiamini Z., Cheraghalipour Z., Marzabadi A., Ebadi A., Norouzi Koushali A. Comparison of job stress in military and non-military drivers in Tehran city. J. Mil. Med. 2011; 13(1): 25-30.Nieuwenhuijsen K., Bruinvels D., Frings-Dresen M. Psychosocial work environment and stress-related disorders, a systematic review. Occup. Med. (Lond.). 2010; 60(4): 277–86.Nieuwenhuijsen K., Bruinvels D., Frings-Dresen M. Psychosocial work environment and stress-related disorders, a systematic review. Occup. Med. (Lond.). 2010; 60(4): 277-86.Akbari R., Akbari J., Farasati F., Amiri N., Mahaki B. Job stress and work-related stressors in prison staff. Occup. Med. 2014; 6(3): 1–11.Akbari R., Akbari J., Farasati F., Amiri N., Mahaki B. Job stress and work-related stressors in prison staff. Occup. Med. 2014; 6(3): 1-11.Dai J., Yu H., Wu J., Xu H., Shen W., Wang Z., et al. Hierarchical regression analysis for relationship between job stress and job burnout in Shanghai employees. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2006; 24(8): 450–3. (in Chinese)Dai J., Yu H., Wu J., Xu H., Shen W., Wang Z., et al. Hierarchical regression analysis for relationship between job stress and job burnout in Shanghai employees. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2006; 24(8): 450-3. (in Chinese)Mohammadi S.Z., Haghighi S.A. Relation between job stress and burnout among nursing staff. Avicenna J. Nurs. Midwifery Care. 2011; 19(2): 42–52.Mohammadi S.Z., Haghighi S.A. Relation between job stress and burnout among nursing staff. Avicenna J. Nurs. Midwifery Care. 2011; 19(2): 42-52.Soori H., Rahimi M., Mohseni H. Occupational stress and work-related unintentional injuries among Iranian car manufacturing workers. East. Mediterr. Health J. 2008; 14(3): 697–703.Soori H., Rahimi M., Mohseni H. Occupational stress and work-related unintentional injuries among Iranian car manufacturing workers. East. Mediterr. Health J. 2008; 14(3): 697-703.Yadegarfar G., Alinia T., Asl R., Allahyari T., Sheikhbagloo R. Study of association between job stress and cardiovascular disease risk factors among urmia petrochemical company personell. J. Isfahan Med. School. 2010; 28(112).Tsai F.J., Huang W.L., Chan C.C. Occupational stress and burnout of lawyers. J. Occup. Health. 2009; 51(5): 443–50. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.l8179Tsai F.J., Huang W.L., Chan C.C. Occupational stress and burnout of lawyers. J. Occup. Health. 2009; 51(5): 443-50. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.l8179Khatooni M., Mollahasan M., Khoainiha S. Job stress and its related factors in accountant employees of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Iran Occup. Health. 2011; 8(2): 18.Gharibi V., Malakouti J., Arsang J.S., Gholami A. Prevalence of occupational stress and its relationship to individual characteristics in tunneling industry workers. Health Syst. Res. 2013; 9(1): 57–65.Gharibi V., Malakouti J., Arsang J.S., Gholami A. Prevalence of occupational stress and its relationship to individual characteristics in tunneling industry workers. Health Syst. Res. 2013; 9(1): 57-65.