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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Hygiene and Sanitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Hygiene and Sanitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гигиена и санитария</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-9900</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-0650</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">640272</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-9-1011-1015</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cadmium distribution and metallothionein expression in rat organs following acute intoxication</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Распределение кадмия и экспрессия металлотионеина в органах крыс при острой интоксикации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0037-6791</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fazlieva</surname><given-names>Anna S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фазлыева</surname><given-names>Анна Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher of Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Ufa, 450106, Russian Federation.</p><p>e-mail: nytik-21@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. химико-аналитического отдела ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», 450106, Уфа.</p><p>e-mail: nytik-21@yandex.ru</p></bio><email>nytik-21@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5455-6472</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Usmanova</surname><given-names>Elza N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усманова</surname><given-names>Э. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-4802</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Daukaev</surname><given-names>Rustem A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даукаев</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0039-6757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimov</surname><given-names>Denis O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримов</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6605-9994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valova</surname><given-names>Yana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валова</surname><given-names>Я. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7957-2399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolyankin</surname><given-names>Denis A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смолянкин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1856-3173</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baygildin</surname><given-names>Samat S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байгильдин</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФБУН «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-09-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>9</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1011</fpage><lpage>1015</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-29"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Fazlieva A.S., Usmanova E.N., Daukaev R.A., Karimov D.O., Valova Y.V., Smolyankin D.A., Baygildin S.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Фазлыева А.С., Усманова Э.Н., Даукаев Р.А., Каримов Д.О., Валова Я.В., Смолянкин Д.А., Байгильдин С.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fazlieva A.S., Usmanova E.N., Daukaev R.A., Karimov D.O., Valova Y.V., Smolyankin D.A., Baygildin S.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фазлыева А.С., Усманова Э.Н., Даукаев Р.А., Каримов Д.О., Валова Я.В., Смолянкин Д.А., Байгильдин С.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2021-10-20"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/640272">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0016-9900/article/view/640272</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic><bold>Introduction.</bold> This article presents the results of experimental simulation of the acute toxic effect of cadmium on the rat organism, its distribution in the liver, and kidneys. Activation of the protective mechanism against toxic metal through the metallothionein protein has to reduce the bioavailability of free cadmium.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Material and methods.</bold> The study was conducted on rats weighing 140-190 g, which was once intragastrically injected with cadmium chloride in an amount of 1/20 LD50. We studied the time intervals: before intoxication, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, and 96 hours after inoculation. The accumulation of cadmium in the liver and kidneys was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The expression of the metallothionein gene (МТ1, МТ2А, МТ3) was determined using RT-PCR on RNA isolated from the same organs.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Results.</bold> Quantitative differences in the metal content in the liver and kidneys are observed 1 hour after intoxication, with a cadmium content of 250 and 125 times higher than in the control groups, respectively. There is an accumulation of cadmium in the liver with a maximum after 6 hours, and then its redistribution to the kidneys. The pronounced expression of metallothionein with a single acute exposure to cadmium is tissue-specific, so the expression of the MT1 and MT2A genes was greatest in the liver and the MT3 gene in the kidneys.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Discussion.</bold> After administration cadmium is mainly localized in hepatocytes and its concentration may exceed the ability of metallothionein to bind cadmium ions, which leads to histopathological changes in the liver. In response to the intake of metal in the cell, the expression pattern of many genes, including those associated with the activation of protective reactions, changes.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Our data show a single exposure to cadmium to lead to an increase in the content of MT transcript in the liver and kidneys, simultaneously with the accumulation of metal in them. The nature of this accumulation depends on the organ, on the time of exposure, and gene expression also on the form of MT.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic><bold>Введение.</bold> В данной статье представлены результаты экспериментального моделирования острого токсического действия кадмия на организм крыс, его распределения в печени и почках. Активизация защитного механизма от токсичного металла через белок металлотионеин для снижения биодоступности свободного кадмия.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Исследование проводили на крысах с массой тела 140–190 г, которым однократно внутрижелудочно вводили кадмия хлорид в количестве 1/20 LD50. Изучали временные промежутки: до интоксикации, через 1; 2; 4; 6; 24; 48 и 96 ч после затравки. Накопление кадмия в печени и почках измеряли методом атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии. Экспрессию гена металлотионеина (МТ1, МТ2А, МТ3) определяли с помощью ОТ-ПЦР на РНК, выделенной из тех же органов.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Результаты.</bold> Количественные различия по содержанию металла в печени и почках наблюдаются через 1 ч после интоксикации, с содержанием кадмия в 250 и 125 раз выше, чем в контрольных группах соответственно. Происходит накопление кадмия в печени с максимумом через 6 ч, а затем перераспределение его в почки. Выраженная экспрессия металлотионеина при однократном остром воздействии кадмия является тканеспецифичной. Так, экспрессия генов МТ1 и МТ2А была наибольшей в печени, а гена МТ3 – в почках.</italic></p><p><italic><bold>Заключение.</bold> Полученные данные показывают, что однократное воздействие кадмия приводит к увеличению содержания транскрипта МТ в печени и почках одновременно с накоплением в них металла. Характер этого накопления зависит от органа, от времени воздействия, а экспрессия генов – ещё и от формы МТ.</italic></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cadmium</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>liver</kwd><kwd>kidneys</kwd><kwd>expression of metallothionein</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кадмий</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>печень</kwd><kwd>почки</kwd><kwd>экспрессия металлотионеина</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozub S.N. Analysis of current state and choice of raw material of secondary cadmium technology. Tekhnologicheskiy audit i rezervy proizvodstva. 2015; (1): 37–41. https://doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2015.38113 (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козуб С.Н. Анализ современного состояния и выбор сырья технологии вторичного кадмия. 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