Cosmic Research

Космические исследования

0023-42063034-5502

The Russian Academy of Sciences

672544

10.31857/S0023420624010116

Articles

Статьи

Research Article

Перспективы и направления развития субтерагерцовой астрономии в Российской Федерации

Лихачев

С. Ф.

Russian Federation

arud@asc.rssi.ruРудницкий

А. Г.

Russian Federation

arud@asc.rssi.ruАндрианов

А. С.

Russian Federation

arud@asc.rssi.ruАндрианов

М. Н.

Russian Federation

arud@asc.rssi.ruАрхипов

М. Ю.

Russian Federation

arud@asc.rssi.ruБарышев

А. М.

Netherlands

arud@asc.rssi.ruВдовин

В. Ф.

Russian Federation

arud@asc.rssi.ruГолубев

Е. С.

Russian Federation

arud@asc.rssi.ruКостенко

В. И.

Russian Federation

arud@asc.rssi.ruЛарченкова

Т. И.

Russian Federation

arud@asc.rssi.ruПилипенко

C. В.

Russian Federation

arud@asc.rssi.ruПодобедов

Я. Г.

Russian Federation

arud@asc.rssi.ruРазананирина

Ж. К.

Russian Federation

arud@asc.rssi.ru

Третьяков

И. В.

Третьяков

И. И.

Russian Federation

arud@asc.rssi.ruФедорчук

С. Д.

Russian Federation

arud@asc.rssi.ruХудченко

А. В.

Russian Federation

arud@asc.rssi.ruЧерный

Р. А.

Russian Federation

arud@asc.rssi.ruЩуров

М. А.

Russian Federation

arud@asc.rssi.ru

Астрокосмический центр Физического института им. П. Н. Лебедева РАНАстрономический институт им. Я. К. Каптейна, Университет ГронингенаИнститут прикладной физики РАН

27062024

62112113827022025

2024

Russian Academy of Sciences

Российская академия наук

https://journals.eco-vector.com/0023-4206/article/view/672544

В работе рассмотрены научные и технические перспективы и возможные направления развития субтерагерцовой астрономии в Российской Федерации. Предложена концепция создания субтерагерцовых инструментов в виде универсальной компактной антенной решетки для размещения на территории России. На базе концепции такой антенной решетки возможна реализация нескольких космических проектов субтерагерцового диапазона нового поколения – космического интерферометра и телескопа, расположенного на поверхности Луны. Наземные антенные решетки смогут выступить в качестве поддержки режима интерферометра со сверхдлинной базой обсерватории «Миллиметрон».

Catalano A., Adam R., Ade P. A.R. et al. The NIKA2 Instrument at 30-m IRAM Telescope: Performance and Results // J. Low Temperature Physics. 2018. V. 193. Iss. 5–6. P. 916–922. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac61df

Pilbratt G., Griffin M., Barthel P. et al. The Herschel Space Observatory development, operation and post-operations: lessons learned // Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series. 2020. V. 11443. Art. ID 1144309. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2561116

Diaz-Garcia S., Lisenfeld U., Perez I. et al. Molecular gas and star formation within 12 strong galactic bars observed with IRAM-30 m // Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2021. V. 654. Art. ID A135. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140674

Franceschi R., Birnstiel T., Henning T. et al. Mass determination of protoplanetary disks from dust evolution // Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2022. V. 657. Art. ID A74. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141705

Chen С.-C., Liao C.-L., Smail I. et al. An ALMA Spectroscopic Survey of the Brightest Submillimeter Galaxies in the SCUBA-2-COSMOS Field (AS2COSPEC): Survey Description and First Results // Astrophysical J. 2022. V. 929. Iss. 2. Art. ID 159. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac61df

Trinca A., Schneider R., Maiolino R. et al. Seeking the growth of the first black hole seeds with JWST // arXiv e-prints. 2022. arXiv:2211.01389.

Akiyama K., Alberdi A., Alef W. et al. Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole // Astrophysical J. Letters. 2019. V. 875. Iss. 1. Art. ID L1. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec7

Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration et al. First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way // Astrophysical J. Letters. 2022. V. 930. Iss. 2. Art. ID L12. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6674

Hong X., Shen Z., An T. et al. The Chinese space Millimeter-wavelength VLBI array-A step toward imaging the most compact astronomical objects // Acta Astronautica. 2014. V. 102. P. 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.05.026

10.

Palumbo D., Johnson M., Doeleman S. et al. Next-generation Event Horizon Telescope developments: new stations for enhanced imaging // American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts. 2018. V. 231. Art. ID 347.21.

11.

Kudriashov V., Martin-Neira M., Barat I. et al. System Design for the Event Horizon Imaging Experiment Using the PECMEO Concept // Chinese J. Space Science. 2019. V. 39. Iss. 2. Art. ID 250. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2019.02.250

12.

Raymond A. W., Palumbo D., Paine S. N. et al. Evaluation of New Submillimeter VLBI Sites for the Event Horizon Telescope // Astrophysical J. Supplement. 2021. V. 253. Iss. 1. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/abc3c3

13.

Gurvits L. I., Paragi Z., Casasola V. et al. THEZA: TeraHertz Exploration and Zooming-in for Astrophysics // Experimental Astronomy. 2021. V. 51. Iss. 3. P. 559–594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-021-09714-y

14.

Gurvits L. I., Paragi Z., Amils R. I. et al. The science case and challenges of space-borne sub-millimeter interferometry // Acta Astronautica. 2022. V. 196. P. 314– 333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.04.020

15.

Kardashev N. S., Novikov I. D., Lukash V. N. et al. Review of scientific topics for the Millimetron space observatory // Physics Uspekhi. 2014. V. 57. Iss. 12. P. 1199–1228. https://doi.org/10.3367/UFNe.0184.201412c.1319

16.

Novikov I. D., Likhachev S. F., Shchekinov Yu.A. et al. Objectives of the Millimetron Space Observatory science program and technical capabilities of its realization // Physics Uspekhi. 2021. V. 64. Iss. 4. P. 386– 419. https://doi.org/10.3367/UFNe.2020.12.038898

17.

Artemenko Yu.N., Balega Yu. Yu., Baryshev A. M. et al. New stage of the Suffa submm observatory in Uzbekistan project // Proc. ISSTT 2019–30th Intern. Symp. Space Terahertz Technology. 2019. P. 196–201.

18.

Bubnov G., Vdovin V., Khaikin V. et al. Analysis of variations in factors of specific absorption of sub-terahertz waves in the Earth’s atmosphere // 7th All-Russian Microwave Conf. (RMC). 2020. P. 229–232. https://doi.org/10.1109/RMC50626.2020.9312314.

19.

Balega Yu., Bubnov G., Glyavin M. et al. Atmospheric Propagation Studies and Development of New Instrumentation for Astronomy, Radar, and Telecommunication Applications in the Subterahertz Frequency Range // Applied Sciences. 2022. V. 12. Iss. 11. Art. ID 5670. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12115670

20.

Abramovici A., Althouse W. E., Drever R. W.P. et al. LIGO: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory // Science. 1992. V. 256. Iss. 5055. P. 325– 333. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.256.5055.325

21.

Caron B., Dominjon A., Drezen C. et al. The Virgo interferometer // Classical and Quantum Gravity. 1997. V. 14. Iss. 6. P. 1461–1469. https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/14/6/011

22.

Danzmann K. and LISA Study Team. LISA – an ESA cornerstone mission for a gravitational wave observatory // Classical and Quantum Gravity. 1997. V. 14. Iss. 6. P. 1399–1404. https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/14/6/002

23.

Akiyama K, Alberdi A, Alef W. et al. First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. Array and Instrumentation // Astrophysical J. Letters. 2019. V. 875. Iss. 1. Art. ID L2. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0c96

24.

Andrianov A., Chernov S., Girin I. et al. Flares and their echoes can help distinguish photon rings from black holes with space-Earth very long baseline interferometry // Phys. Rev. D. 2022. V. 105. Iss. 6. Art. ID 063015. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.063015

25.

Tiede P., Johnson M. D., Pesce D. W. et al. Measuring Photon Rings with the ngEHT // arXiv e-prints. 2022. arXiv:2210.13498.

26.

Mortlock D. J., Warren S. J., Venemans B. P. et al. A luminous quasar at a redshift of z=7.085 // Nature. 2011. V. 474. Iss. 7353. P. 616–619. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10159

27.

Banados E., Venemans B. P., Mazzucchelli C. et al. An 800-million-solar-mass black hole in a significantly neutral Universe at a redshift of 7.5 // Nature. 2018. V. 553. Iss. 7689. P. 473–476. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25180

28.

Volonteri M. The Formation and Evolution of Massive Black Holes // Science. 2012. V. 337. Iss. 6094. Art. ID 544. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1220843

29.

Tal A., Priyamvada N. Rapid growth of seed black holes in the early universe by supra-exponential accretion // Science. 2014. V. 345. Iss. 6202. P. 1330–1333. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1251053

30.

Woods T. E., Agarwal B., Bromm V. et al. Titans of the early Universe: The Prato statement on the origin of the first supermassive black holes // Publ. Astronomical Society of Australia. 2019. V. 36. Art. ID e027. https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2019.14

31.

Hickox R. C., Alexander D. M. Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei // Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2018. V. 56. P. 625–671. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-081817-051803

32.

Spinoglio L., Alonso-Herrero A., Armus L. et al. Galaxy Evolution Studies with the SPace IR Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA): The Power of IR Spectroscopy // Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 2017. V. 34. Art. ID e057. https://doi.org/10.1017/pasa.2017.48

33.

Humphreys E. M.L., Vlemmings W. H.T., Impellizzeri C. M.V. et al. Detection of 183 GHz H2O megamaser emission towards NGC4945 // Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2016. V. 592. Art. ID L13. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629168

34.

Hagiwara Y., Horiuchi S., Doi A. et al. A Search for Submillimeter H2O Masers in Active Galaxies: The Detection of 321 GHZ H2O Maser Emission in NGC4945 // Astrophysical J. 2016. V. 827. Iss. 1. Art. ID 69. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/69

35.

Researchers Use NRAO Telescope to Study Formation of Chemical Precursors to Life // National Radio Astronomy Observatory Press Release. August 2006. https://www.nrao.edu/pr/2006/gbtmolecules.

36.

McGuire B.A., Loomis R. A., Burkhardt A. M. et al. Detection of two interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via spectral matched filtering // Science. 2021. V. 371. Iss. 6535. P. 1265–1269. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb7535

37.

Plavin A. V., Kovalev Y. Y., Kovalev Yu.A. et al. Directional Association of TeV to PeV Astrophysical Neutrinos with Radio Blazars // Astrophysical J. 2021. V. 908. Iss. 2. Art. ID 157. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abceb8

38.

Abbott B. P., Abbott R., Abbott T. D. et al. Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB170817A // Astrophysical J. Letters. 2017. V. 848. Iss. 2. Art. ID L13. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa920c

39.

Cogdell J. R., McCue J.J.G., Kalachev P. D. et al. High-resolution millimeter reflector antennas // IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 1970. V. 18. P. 515–529. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1970.1139725

40.

Антюфеев А. В., Зубрин С. Ю., Мышенко В. В. и др. Исследование параметров антенны РТ-22 КрАО на длине волны 3.42 мм // Радиофизика и радиоастрономия. 2009. Т. 14. № 4. С. 345–352.

41.

Balega Yu. Yu., Bataev D. K., Bubnov G. M. et al. Direct Measurements of Atmospheric Absorption of Subterahertz Waves in the Northern Caucasus // Physics-Doklady. 2022. V. 67. Iss. 1. P. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028335822010013

42.

Liebe H. J., Rosenkranz P. W., Hufford G. A. Atmospheric 60-GHz oxygen spectrum – New laboratory measurements and line parameters // J. Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. 1992. V. 48. Iss. 5–6. P. 629–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(92)90127-P

43.

Paiella A., Ade P. A.R., Battistelli E. S. et al. In-Flight Performance of the LEKIDs of the OLIMPO Experiment // J. Low Temperature Physics. 2020. V. 199. Iss. 1–2. P. 491–501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-020-02372-y

44.

Rioja M. J., Dodson R., Asaki Y. The Transformational Power of Frequency Phase Transfer Methods for ngEHT // Galaxies. 2023. V. 11. Iss. 1. Art. ID. 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies11010016

45.

Mimoun D., Wieczorek M. A., Alkalai L. et al. Farside explorer: unique science from a mission to the farside of the Moon // Experimental Astronomy. 2012. V. 33. Iss. 2–3. P. 529–585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-011-9252-3

46.

Zarka P., Bougeret J.-L., Briand C. et al. Planetary and exoplanetary low frequency radio observations from the Moon // Planetary and Space Science. 2012. V. 74. Iss. 1. P. 156–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2012.08.004

47.

Sachkov M., Shugarov A., Schmagin V. et al. The concept of lunar-based astrophysical telescope for International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) // Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series. 2022. V. 12181. Art. ID. 121812V. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629619

48.

Jester S., Falcke H. Science with a lunar low-frequency array: From the dark ages of the Universe to nearby exoplanets // New Astronomy Reviews. 2009. V. 53. Iss. 1–3. P. 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2009.02.001

49.

Lazio J., Carilli C., Hewitt J. et al. The lunar radio array (LRA) // Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series. UV/Optical/IR Space Telescopes: Innovative Technologies and Concepts IV. 2009. V. 7436. Art ID. 74360I. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827955

50.

Wolt M. K., Aminaei A., Zarka P. et al. Radio astronomy with the European Lunar Lander: Opening up the last unexplored frequency regime // Planetary and Space Science. 2012. V. 74. Iss. 1. P. 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2012.09.004

51.

Гафаров А. А., Долгуничев К. Д. Обеспечение радиационной безопасности космических радиоизотопных генераторов // Вестник НПО им. С. А. Лавочкина. 2016. Т. 32. № 2. С. 78–84.

52.

Martin-Neira M., Li W., Andres-Beivide A. et al. “Cookie”: A Satellite Concept for GNSS Remote Sensing Constellations // IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 2016. V. 9. Iss. 10. P. 4593–4610. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2585620

53.

Kudriashov V., Falcke H., Gurvits L. et al. System design progress in the event horizon imaging using the concept of space-to-space VLBI from medium earth orbits // Proc. 42nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly. 2018. V. 42. Art. ID. E1.8–17–18

54.

Kudriashov V., Martin-Neira M., Barat I. et al. System Design for the Event Horizon Imaging Experiment Using the PECMEO Concept // Chinese J. Space Science. 2019. V. 39. Iss. 2. P. 250–266. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2019.02.250

55.

Roelofs F., Falcke H., Brinkerink C. et al. Simulations of imaging the event horizon of Sagittarius A* from space // Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2019. V. 625. Art. ID. A124. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732423

56.

Kudriashov V., Martin-Neira M., Roelofs F. Event Horizon Imager (EHI) mission concept utilizing medium Earth orbit sub-mm interferometry // Chinese J. Space Science. 2021. V. 41. Iss. 2. P. 211–233. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2021.02.211

57.

Gurvits L. I., Paragi Z., Casasola V. et al. THEZA: TeraHertz Exploration and Zooming-in for Astrophysics // Experimental Astronomy. 2021. V.51. Iss. 3. P. 559– 594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-021-09714-y

58.

Likhachev S. F., Rudnitskiy A. G., Shchurov M. A. et al. High-resolution imaging of a black hole shadow with Millimetron orbit around Lagrange point L2 // Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2022. V. 511. P. 668–682. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac079

59.

Golubev E. S., Kotsur E. K., Arkhipov M. Yu. et al. Primary mirror panels of the Millimetron Space Observatory // Proc. SPIE. Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation IV. 2020. V. 11451. Art ID. 114510K. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2562838

60.

Yusov A. V., Kozlov S. A., Ustinova E. A. et al. Testing high-precision electromechanical actuators used for adjustment of deployable antennas of astronomy space missions // Cryogenics. 2021. V. 118. Art. ID. 103346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2021.103346

61.

Демидов Н. А., Беляев А. А., Поляков В. А. и др. Бортовой водородный стандарт частоты для космической обсерватории «Миллиметрон» // Измерительная техника. 2018. Т. 8. С. 36–39. https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it-2018-8-36-39

62.

de Graauw T., Helmich F. P., Phillips T. G. et al. The Herschel-Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) // Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2010. V. 518. Art. ID. L6. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014698

63.

Tucker J. R., Feldman M. J. Quantum detection at millimeter wavelengths // Reviews Modern Physics. 1985. V. 57. Iss. 4. P. 1055–1113. https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.57.1055

64.

Goltsman G. N., Semenov A. D., Gousev Y. P. et al. Sensitive picosecond NbN detector for radiation from millimeter wavelengths to visible light // Superconductor Science and Technology. 1991. V. 4. Iss. 9. Art. ID. 453. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/4/9/020

65.

Wootten A., Thompson R. A. The Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array // Proceedings of the IEEE. 2009. V. 97. Iss. 8. P. 1463–1471. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2009.2020572

66.

Chenu J.-Y., Navarrini A., Bortolotti Y. et al. The Front-End of the NOEMA Interferometer // IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology. 2016. V. 6. Iss. 2. P. 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2525762

67.

de Lange G., Birk M., Boersma D. et al. Development and characterization of the superconducting integrated receiver channel of the TELIS atmospheric sounder // Superconductor Science and Technology. 2010. V. 23. Iss. 4. Art. ID. 045016. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/23/4/045016

68.

Hesper R., Khudchenko A., Baryshev A. M. et al. A High-Performance 650-GHz Sideband-Separating Mixer–Design and Results // IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology. 2017. V. 7. Iss. 6. P. 686–693. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2017.2758270

69.

Kojima T., Kroug M., Uemizu K. et al. Performance and Characterization of a Wide IF SIS-Mixer-Preamplifier Module Employing High-J c SIS Junctions // IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology. 2017. V. 7. Iss. 6. P. 694–703. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2017.2758260

70.

Baryshev A. M., Hesper R., Mena F. P. et al. The ALMA Band 9 receiver. Design, construction, characterization, and first light // Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2015. V. 577. Art. ID. A129. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201425529

71.

Tretyakov I., Ryabchun S., Finkel M. et al. Low noise and wide bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometer mixers // Applied Physics Letters. 2011. V. 98. Iss. 3. Art. ID. 033507. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3544050

72.

Putz P., Honingh C. E., Jacobs K. et al. Terahertz hot electron bolometer waveguide mixers for GREAT // Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2012. V. 542. Art. ID. L2. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201218916

73.

Risacher C., Güsten R., Stutzki J. et al. First Supra-THz Heterodyne Array Receivers for Astronomy with the SOFIA Observatory // IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology. 2016. V. 6. Iss. 2. P. 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2508005

74.

Khudchenko A., Pavelev D. G., Vaks V. L. et al. Overview of Techniques for THz QCL phase-locking // European Physical J. Web of Conferences. 2018. V. 195. Art. ID. 04003. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819504003

75.

Koshelets V. P., Shitov S. V., Ermakov A. B. et al. Superconducting integrated receiver for TELIS // IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 2005. V. 15. Iss. 2. P. 960–963. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2005.850138

76.

Khudchenko A., Baryshev A. M., Rudakov K. I. et al. High-Gap Nb-AlN-NbN SIS Junctions for Frequency Band 790–950 GHz // IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology. 2016. V. 6. Iss. 1. P. 127–132. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2015.2504783

77.

Gusten R., Booth R. S., Cesarsky C. et al. APEX: the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment // Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes. 2006. V. 6267. Art. ID. 626714. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.670798

78.

Yagoubov P., Mroczkowski T., Belitsky V. et al. Wideband 67–116 GHz receiver development for ALMA Band 2 // Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2020. V. 634. Art. ID. A46. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004–6361/201936777

79.

Rudakov K. I., Khudchenko A. V., Filippenko L. V. et al. THz Range Low-Noise SIS Receivers for Space and Ground-Based Radio Astronomy // Applied Sciences. 2021. V. 11. Iss. 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110087