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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cosmic Research</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cosmic Research</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Космические исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0023-4206</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5502</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">672553</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0023420623600113</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CAXOKB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A Prototype of a Background Solar Wind Forecasting Service Based on MHD Modeling and WSA Boundary Conditions</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прототип службы прогноза спокойного солнечного ветра на основе МГД-моделирования и граничных условий модели WSA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arutyunyan</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арутюнян</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dapavlov@etu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kodukov</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кодуков</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dapavlov@etu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Subbotin</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Субботин</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dapavlov@etu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dapavlov@etu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197022, St. Petersburg, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет “ЛЭТИ”</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State University, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-11-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>447</fpage><lpage>453</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-27"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, С. Арутюнян, А. Кодуков, М. Субботин, Д. Павлов</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, С. Арутюнян, А. Кодуков, М. Субботин, Д. Павлов</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">С. Арутюнян, А. Кодуков, М. Субботин, Д. Павлов</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">С. Арутюнян, А. Кодуков, М. Субботин, Д. Павлов</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0023-4206/article/view/672553">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0023-4206/article/view/672553</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A prototype service for MHD modeling of the calm solar wind and forecasting the speed and density of solar wind particles in interplanetary space, similar to the NOAA and ESA services, has been created. The service consists of an MHD simulator, a module for processing simulation results, and a web interface. The simulator is based on the implementation of the TVDLF method in the PLUTO package. The boundary conditions of the model (density, radial velocity, magnetic field, temperature) at a distance of 0.1 AU from the origin are obtained regularly from the corresponding NOAA service, in which they are calculated according to the WSA model based on the magnetograms of the GONG network. Two modes of boundary conditions are available: constant and daily. The simulations were carried out on a uniform grid in the range of 0.1–1.7 AU by distance (512 elements), –60°...+60° by latitude (60 elements), 0°–360° by longitude (180 elements). The calculated particle velocity and density maps are compared with the NOAA SWPC and NASA CCMC calculations under the same boundary conditions. A retrospective comparison of the resulting forecasts with data from direct measurements (OMNI) was carried out.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45257552288080">Создан прототип службы МГД-моделирования спокойного солнечного ветра и прогнозирования скорости и плотности частиц солнечного ветра в межпланетном пространстве, аналогичной службам NOAA и ESA. Служба состоит из МГД-симулятора, модуля обработки результатов симуляции и веб-интерфейса. Симулятор основан на реализации метода TVDLF в пакете PLUTO. Граничные условия модели (плотность, радиальная скорость, магнитное поле, температура) на расстоянии 0.1 а. е. от начала координат получаются регулярно из соответствующей службы NOAA, в которой они рассчитаны по модели WSA на основании магнитограмм сети GONG. Доступны два режима граничных условий: постоянные и суточные. Симуляции проводились на равномерной сетке в диапазоне 0.1–1.7 а. е. по расстоянию (512 элементов), –60°…+60° по широте (60 элементов), 0°–360° по долготе (180 элементов). Проведено сравнение рассчитанных карт скорости и плотности частиц с расчетами NOAA SWPC и NASA CCMC при одинаковых граничных условиях. Проведено ретроспективное сравнение получаемых прогнозов с данными прямых измерений (OMNI).</p></trans-abstract><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Odstrcil D. Modeling 3-D solar wind structure // Advances in Space Research. 2003. V. 32. Iss. 4. P. 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00332-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Pomoell J., Poedts S. EUHFORIA: European heliospheric forecasting information Asse 2.0t // J. Space Weather Space Climate. 2018. V. 8. Art. ID. 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