Cosmic ResearchCosmic ResearchКосмические исследования0023-42063034-5502The Russian Academy of Sciences68292610.31857/S0023420625010061HECXIAArticlesСтатьиResearch ArticleAtmospheric losses of N+ and O+ under the extreme solar conditions during geomagnetic reversalsАтмосферные потери N+ и O+ в экстремальных солнечных условиях во время геомагнитных инверсийTsarevaO. O.ЦареваО. О.
Russian Federation
olga8.92@mail.ruCannellA.КаннеллА.
Brazil

Institute of Advanced Studies (Human Evolution)

Институт перспективных исследований

olga8.92@mail.ruLevashovN. N.ЛевашовН. Н.
Russian Federation

Faculty of Physics

Физический факультет

olga8.92@mail.ruMalovaH. V.МаловаХ. В.
Russian Federation

Scobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics

Научно-исследовательский институт ядерной физики им. Д.В. Скобельцына

olga8.92@mail.ruPopovV. Yu.ПоповВ. Ю.
Russian Federation

Faculty of Physics

Физический факультет

olga8.92@mail.ruZelenyiL. M.ЗеленыйЛ. М.
Russian Federation

Scobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics

Научно-исследовательский институт ядерной физики им. Д.В. Скобельцына

olga8.92@mail.ruSpace Research InstituteИнститут космических исследований РАНUSPУниверситет Сан-ПаулуLomonosov MSUМГУ имени М.В. ЛомоносоваNational Research University “Higher School of Economics”Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»15012025631597005062025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0023-4206/article/view/682926

According to the widespread concept, the magnetosphere shields the planet's atmosphere from erosion caused by the solar wind. We have previously shown that during geomagnetic polarity reversals, when the magnetic field weakens to about 10 % of the present one, its shielding is still effective. This conclusion was obtained for quiet periods of solar activity. However, since the duration of a geomagnetic reversal can cover several thousand years, during which many extreme events can occur, changes in solar parameters such as solar wind pressure and EUV-flux should be considered. At high EUV-flux, the concentrations of nitrogen and oxygen, as well as their losses, increase in the Earth's upper atmosphere. We have considered the most significant mechanisms of heavy ion escape from Earth's atmosphere and estimated their losses within the framework of a semi-empirical model. The results show that a weak geomagnetic field and strong solar activity lead to a change in the dominant escape mechanism and to significant atmospheric losses of preferentially lighter isotopes.

Согласно распространенным представлениям, магнитосфера защищает атмосферу планеты от эрозии, вызванной солнечным ветром. Ранее нами было показано, что во время геомагнитных инверсий, когда магнитное поле ослабевает примерно до 10 % от нынешнего, его защитная функция остается эффективной. Этот вывод был получен для спокойных периодов солнечной активности. Однако геомагнитная инверсия может длиться тысячи лет, в течение которых может произойти множество экстремальных событий, в частности, изменения солнечных параметров, таких как давление солнечного ветра, экстремальное ультрафиолетовое излучение (EUV). При высоком EUV-потоке в верхних слоях атмосферы Земли увеличиваются концентрации азота и кислорода, а также их потери. В настоящей работе рассмотрены наиболее значимые механизмы диссипации тяжелых ионов из атмосферы Земли и оценены их потери в рамках полуэмпирической модели. Показано, что слабое геомагнитное поле и сильная солнечная активность приводят к смене доминирующего механизма диссипации и к значительным атмосферным потерям сравнительно легких изотопов.

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