Litologiâ i poleznye iskopaemyeLitologiâ i poleznye iskopaemyeЛитология и полезные ископаемые0024-497X3034-5375The Russian Academy of Sciences1651410.31857/S0024-497X20195466-485ArticlesСтатьиResearch ArticleRare elements — setting markers of the formation of the manganese and iron ore deposits of Kalahari and Postmasburg areas (South Africa). Communication 2. Iron- and manganese ore of Postmasburg areaРедкие элементы — маркеры обстановок формирования месторождений марганцевых и железных руд площадей Калахари и Постмасбург (ЮАР). Сообщение 2. Железо- и марганцеворудная площадь ПостмасбургVarentsovI. M.ВаренцовИ. М.
Russian Federation

Faculty of Geography and Ecology

Географо-экологический факультет

vnkuleshov@mail.ruKuleshovV. N.КулешовВ. Н.
Russian Federation
vnkuleshov@mail.ruMoscow State Regional UniversityМосковский государственный областной университетGeological Institute of RASГеологический институт РАН2010201954664851910201919102019Copyright ©; 2019, Russian academy of sciencesCopyright ©; 2019, Российская академия наук2019Russian academy of sciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0024-497X/article/view/16514

In the world resources of manganese and iron ores, a significant place belongs to the Postmasburg ore field (South Africa), enclosed in rocks of the Transvaal Supegroup. Ore deposits have the nature of karst residual accumulations. A number of elements (B, Cr, Ni, Zn, Ge, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Te, W, Pb, REE) form a characteristic association that sheds light on the geochemistry of the ore formation processes. Of these, the most representative elements are: Mo, As, Ag and REE. Molybdenum is distinguished by the chemisorption incorporation nature of accumulation in the ores under consideration, often with the formation of epic growths of ferri molybdate-type minerals. Arsenic leached from substrate rocks and accumulated in karstic Mn-Fe- and Fe-ores reflects the total effect of the dominant iron oxide minerals on its mobility. The behavior of silver is controlled by the processes of hypergenic change of Archean-Early Proterozoic carbonate rocks and banded iron ores (BIF). Comparison of the distribution of REE in karst Fe-, Mn-Fe- and Mn-ores and in banded iron ores shows that they are characterized by similar values of cerium (C/Ce*) and europium (Eu/Eu*) anomalies, but differ in the fractionation of heavy and light REE (typical values: Ce/Ce* = 0.7‒1.0; Eu/Eu* = 0.8‒1.1). Strip iron ores and associated manganese ore deposits accumulated in the marginal anoxide-disoxide marine basin, which was limited to continental land. Anoxide and disoxide conditions were the result of intense hydrothermal activity.

В мировых ресурсах марганцевых и железных руд существенное место принадлежит месторождениям площади Постмасбург Южной Африки, заключенных в породах Трансваальской Супегруппы. Рудные залежи имеют природу карстовых остаточных накоплений. Ряд элементов (B, Cr, Ni, Zn, Ge, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Te, W, Pb, REE) образует характерную ассоциацию, проливающую свет на геохимию процессов рудообразования. Из них наиболее репрезентативные элементы: Mo, As, Ag и REE. Молибден отличается хемосорбционным инкорпорационным характером накопления в рассматриваемых рудах, нередко с образованием эпиктических нарастаний минералов типа ферримолибдата. Мышьяк, выщелоченный из пород субстрата и аккумулированный в карстовых Mn-Fe- и Fe-рудах, отражает суммарное воздействие доминирующих оксидных минералов железа на его мобильность. Поведение серебра контролируется процессами гипергенного изменения архейско-раннепротерозойских карбонатных пород и полосчатых железных руд (ПЖР). Сопоставление распределения РЗЭ в карстовых Fe-, Mn-Fe- и Mn-рудах и в полосчатых железных рудах показывает, что они характеризуются близкими величинами цериевой (С/Ce*) и европиевой (Eu/Eu*) аномалий, но различаются по фракционированию тяжелых и легких РЗЭ (типичны величины: Ce/Ce* = 0.7‒1.0; Eu/Eu* = 0.8‒1.1). Полосчатые железные руды и ассоциирующие c ними марганцеворудные месторождения аккумулировались в краевом аноксидно-дизоксидном морском бассейне, который был ограничен континентальной сушей. Аноксидные и дизоксидные условия были следствием интенсивной гидротермальной активности.

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