Mycology and PhytopathologyMycology and PhytopathologyМикология и фитопатология0026-36483034-5421The Russian Academy of Sciences65520110.31857/S0026365622600432NLPLKNREVIEWSОБЗОРЫFungal Azaphilone Pigments as Promising Natural ColorantsАзафилоновые пигменты грибов как перспективные натуральные красителиAntipovaT. V.АнтиповаТ. В.tantipova@ibpm.pushchino.ruZhelifonovaV. P.ЖелифоноваВ. П.tantipova@ibpm.pushchino.ruZaitsevK. V.ЗайцевК. В.tantipova@ibpm.pushchino.ruVainshteinM. B.ВайнштейнМ. Б.tantipova@ibpm.pushchino.ruSkryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут биохимии и физиологии микроорганизмов им. Г.К. Скрябина Российской академии наук – обособленное подразделение ФГБУН ФИЦ “Пущинский научный центр биологических исследований РАН”Department of Chemistry, Moscow State UniversityМосковский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова0101202392131310022025Copyright ©; 2023, Т.В. Антипова, В.П. Желифонова, К.В. Зайцев, М.Б. ВайнштейнCopyright ©; 2023, Т.В. Антипова, В.П. Желифонова, К.В. Зайцев, М.Б. Вайнштейн2023Т.В. Антипова, В.П. Желифонова, К.В. Зайцев, М.Б. ВайнштейнТ.В. Антипова, В.П. Желифонова, К.В. Зайцев, М.Б. Вайнштейнhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0026-3648/article/view/655201

Abstract—Microscopic fungi form and excrete numerous and diverse secondary metabolites, including pigments of various colors, which may be used as an alternative to chemical and plant colorants used in industry. Azaphilone compounds, first discovered in fungi of the genus Monascus, are among the promising classes of fungal pigments. The review analyzes the publications on formation of azaphilone-type pigments in Monascus fungi, as well as in Talaromyces and Aspergillus сavernicola. Brief information is provided concerning the antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic activities of azaphilone pigments. is given. Possible strategies for increasing the efficiency of the production process and directed synthesis of yellow, orange, and red pigments and their derivatives are discussed. In general, the review provides for assessment of the role of azaphilone pigments, as well as of the prospects and ways to expand their production for use as natural dyes in various fields.

Микроскопические грибы образуют и экскретируют многочисленные и разнообразные вторичные метаболиты, в том числе пигменты различной окраски, которые могут быть использованы как альтернатива применяемым в промышленности химическим и растительным красителям. Одним из перспективных классов грибных пигментов являются азафилоновые соединения, впервые обнаруженные у грибов рода Monascus. В обзоре дан анализ публикаций по образованию пигментов азафилонового типа у грибов Monascus, а также у Talaromyces и Aspergillus сavernicola. Приведены краткие сведения об антимикробной, противоопухолевой, противовоспалительной и гиполипидемической активностях азафилоновых пигментов. Обсуждены возможные стратегии повышения производительности процесса получения, а также направленного синтеза желтых, оранжевых и красных пигментов и их производных. В целом обзор позволяет оценить важность азафилоновых пигментов, перспективы и пути расширения их производства для применения в качестве натуральных красителей в различных областях.

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