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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Mycology and Phytopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Mycology and Phytopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Микология и фитопатология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0026-3648</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5421</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">691639</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0026364825050064</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">btawrp</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГРИБЫ – ВОЗБУДИТЕЛИ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Integrated approach to early detection of cotton disease resistance</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Комплексный подход к ранней диагностике болезнеустойчивости хлопчатника</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhmedzhanov</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аkhmedzhanov</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>iskakhm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khotamov</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Khotamov</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>mansurhatamov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry at the National University of Uzbekistan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биофизики и биохимии при Национальном Университете Узбекистана</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт генетики и экспериментальной биологии растений АН РУз</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 59, NO5 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 59, №5 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>408</fpage><lpage>415</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-10-26"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0026-3648/article/view/691639">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0026-3648/article/view/691639</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The functional features of the implementation of cotton protective reactions to the most dangerous pathogens, Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum, Xanthomonas malvacearum and Rhizoctonia solani – were studied. The hypersensitivity reaction of cotton tissues infected with pathogens was controlled by methods of observing the movement and size of the zone of fluorescent substances and determining the amount of toxic compounds for pathogens – phytoalexins. Infection of cotton with Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum already in the first days of incubation led to a bright blue fluorescence that spread upwards towards the growth point of the experimental plants. In cotton infected with Xanthomonas malvacearum and Rhizoctonia solani the color of the fluorescent zones was less intense. The rate of spread through plant tissues, especially at the initial stages of the latent period, was significantly lower. In addition, the content of post-infection inhibitors in the tissues of xylem vessels of cotton infected with gummosis and root rot was recorded at a significantly lower level compared to the experimental plants infected with Fusarium and Verticillium wilt. On the 20th day of incubation, a significant increase in the total content of phytoalexins was noted in experimental cotton plants infected with root rot and gummosis, but the amount of the main phytoalexin – isohemigossypol in the tissues of these plants reached only 50% of the level of samples infected with Fusarium and Verticillium wilt. A comparative analysis of the effect of the studied pathogens on the intensity of the hypersensitivity reaction and the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence induction indicate the possibility of using these methods at the initial stages of the incubation period in infected plant tissues for early detection of cotton disease resistance. The establishment of a positive correlation between the results of fluorescent analysis and the indicators of the effectiveness of the hypersensitivity reaction indicate the advisability of an integrated approach to assessing the resistance of cotton to pathogens.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследованы функциональные особенности реализации защитных реакций хлопчатника к наиболее опасным заболеваниям – вертициллезному и фузариозному вилту, гуммозу и корневой гнили. Эффективность реакции сверхчувствительности инфицированных фитопатогенами тканей хлопчатника контролировали методами наблюдения за продвижением и величиной зоны флуоресцирующих веществ и определения количества в них токсических для возбудителей болезней соединений – фитоалексинов. Инфицированние хлопчатника Verticillium dahliae и Fusarium oxysporum уже в первые дни инкубации приводило к ярко-голубой флуоресценции, которая распространялась вверх по направлению к точке роста опытных растений, а у хлопчатника, зараженного Xanthomonas malvacearum и Rhizoctonia solani окраска флуоресцирующих зон имела менее интенсивный характер и скорость распространения по тканям растений, особенно на начальных стадиях латентного периода была значительно меньше. Кроме того, содержание постинфекционных ингибиторов в тканях ксилемных сосудов хлопчатника, инфицированного гуммозом и корневой гнилью, фиксировалось на значительно меньшем уровне по сравнению с опытными растениями, зараженными фузариозным и вертициллезным вилтом. На 20-й день инкубации отмечено значительное повышение общего содержания фитоалексинов у опытных растений хлопчатника, зараженных корневой гнилью и гуммозом, однако количество основного фитоалексина – изогемигоссипола в тканях этих растений достигало лишь 50% величины от уровня образцов, зараженных фузариозным и вертициллезным вилтом. Сравнительный анализ влияния изученных патогенов на интенсивность реакции сверхчувствительности и параметры индукции флуоресценции хлорофилла свидетельствуют о возможности применения данных методов на начальных этапах инкубационного периода в зараженных тканях растений для ранней диагностики болезнеустойчивости хлопчатника. Установление положительной корреляции между результатами флуоресцентного анализа и показателями эффективности реакции сверхчувствительности указывают на целесообразность комплексного подхода при оценке устойчивости хлопчатника к болезнетворным организмам.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Fusarium oxysporum</kwd><kwd>Gossypium hirsutum</kwd><kwd>Rhizoctonia solani</kwd><kwd>Verticillium dahliae</kwd><kwd>Xanthomonas malvacearum</kwd><kwd>cotton</kwd><kwd>disease resistance</kwd><kwd>Fusarium oxysporum</kwd><kwd>Gossypium hirsutum</kwd><kwd>induced chlorophyll fluorescence</kwd><kwd>phytoalexins</kwd><kwd>Rhizoctonia solani</kwd><kwd>Verticillium dahliae</kwd><kwd>Xanthomonas malvacearum</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнеустойчивость</kwd><kwd>индуцированная флуоресцентная хлорофилла</kwd><kwd>фитоалексины</kwd><kwd>хлопчатник</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Adamakis I. 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