Molecular BiologyMolecular BiologyМолекулярная биология0026-89843034-5553The Russian Academy of Sciences69967310.7868/S3034555325060016ОБЗОРЫReview ArticleRecombinase-Based Engineering of Plant Genomes in the Era of Genome EditingРЕКОМБИНАЗНАЯ ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ ГЕНОМОВ В ЭПОХУ ГЕНОМНОГО РЕДАКТИРОВАНИЯRozovS. M.РозовС. М.rozov@bionet.nsc.ruDeinekoE. V.ДейнекоЕ. В.deineko@bionet.nsc.ruInstitute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут цитологии и генетики СО РАН25122025596VOL 59, NO6 (2025)ТОМ 59, №6 (2025)87389027122025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0026-8984/article/view/699673

The rapidly evolving CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing technologies, which have dominated nearly all areas of molecular biology over the past decade, still face several unresolved challenges. One of the major limitations of current genome editing tools is the low efficiency of targeted long-sequence insertions. This issue is particularly critical in plant systems, where genome editing efficiency is hindered by specific cellular characteristics. Site-specific recombinases (SSRs), which have long been employed in genetic engineering to mediate various genomic rearrangements – including deletions, duplications, insertions, and inversions – are limited in their application by the requirement for preexisting recombination recognition sites in the genome. However, CRISPR/Cas and recombinase tools complement each other, and their combined use offers a powerful strategy to overcome key limitations of genome editing. The discovery of CRISPR-associated transposons such as CAST and OMEGA, which naturally utilize their own recombinases, marks a significant advance in genome engineering, providing an elegant example of the natural convergence between CRISPR and recombinase technologies.

Интенсивно развивающиеся в последнее десятилетие системы адресной модификации генома на основе технологий CRISPR/Cas охватили практически все области молекулярной биологии, однако остается ряд нерешенных вопросов. Одна из основных проблем, с которыми сталкиваются современные методы редактирования генома, – низкая вероятность получения протяженных адресных инсерций. Особенно это касается растительных объектов, у которых в силу ряда особенностей строения клетки значительно снижена эффективность генно-инженерного инструментария. Сайт-специфические рекомбиназы давно используются в генной инженерии для получения всех типов геномных перестроек: делеций, дупликаций, инсерций и инверсий, но их применение существенно сдерживается необходимостью присутствия в геноме специфических сайтов узнавания рекомбиназ. CRISPR/Cas и рекомбиназный инструментарий дополняют друг друга, и их совместное использование позволяет решить целый ряд проблем, возникающих в процессе геномного редактирования. Открытие CRISPR-ассоциированных транспозонов CAST и OMEGA, активно использующих собственные рекомбиназы, дает толчок к развитию новых направлений в геномном редактировании и демонстрирует пример сочетания CRISPR и рекомбиназных технологий.

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