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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Molecular Biology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Molecular Biology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярная биология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0026-8984</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5553</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">699679</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S3034555325060076</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>МОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ КЛЕТКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Role of NOX2-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Initiation of Acute Amyloid Toxicity</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>NOX2-ОПОСРЕДОВАННЫЙ ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЙ СТРЕСС В ИНИЦИАЦИИ ОСТРОЙ АМИЛОИДНОЙ ТОКСИЧНОСТИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osypov</surname><given-names>A. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипов</surname><given-names>А. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhina</surname><given-names>K. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухина</surname><given-names>К. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyubanskaya</surname><given-names>A. D</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любанская</surname><given-names>А. Д</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>биологический факультет</p></bio><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikiforova</surname><given-names>A. B</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никифорова</surname><given-names>А. Б</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korchagina</surname><given-names>V. M</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корчагина</surname><given-names>В. М</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitkevich</surname><given-names>V. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митькевич</surname><given-names>В. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>email@example.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>I. Yu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>И. Ю</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>I-Yu-Popova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт теоретической и экспериментальной биофизики Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной биологии им. В.А. Энгельгардта Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 59, NO6 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 59, №6 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>971</fpage><lpage>978</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-27"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-12-25"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0026-8984/article/view/699679">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0026-8984/article/view/699679</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Although the role of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is widely recognized, its contribution to the initial stages of amyloid-induced pathology remains unclear. Intraventricular administration of β-amyloid (Aβ) causes acute amyloid toxicity, leading to neurodegenerative changes similar to AD. The acute phase, lasting several days, is a critical time window for studying early pathological mechanisms. In this work, we assessed the level of oxidative stress in the brain of BALB/c mice at the early stages of amyloid toxicity and the role of NOX2 in these processes. Analysis of key markers of oxidative stress in various fractions of brain homogenate on day 4 after Aβ administration showed that individual parameters demonstrated only a tendency to change, without reaching statistical significance. However, the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a clear separation between the Aβ-treated and control groups, indicating the need for a comprehensive rather than isolated analysis of biochemical changes at early stages of pathology. It is noteworthy that the centroids of the groups in PCA were located along the same straight line, and the group receiving Aβ together with the NOX2 inhibitor occupied an intermediate position between the control and Aβ groups. This indicates a partial suppression of oxidative stress through NOX2. At the same time, the NOX2 inhibitor completely prevented Aβ-induced microgliosis in the hippocampus, confirming that the concentration used was sufficient to suppress NOX2-dependent microglial activation. The in vivo data demonstrate that oxidative stress induced by Aβ administration may be not entirely mediated by NOX2, although this mechanism plays an important role in the initiation of the pathological process in AD.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Хотя роль NADPH-оксидазы 2 (NOX2) в развитии болезни Альцгеймера общепризнана, ее вклад в начальные этапы амилоид-индуцированной патологии остается неясным. Внутрижелудочковое введение β-амилоида (Aβ) вызывает острую амилоидную токсичность, приводящую к нейродегенеративным изменениям, сходным с болезнью Альцгеймера. Острая фаза, длящаяся несколько суток, представляет собой критическое временное окно для изучения ранних патологических механизмов. В данной работе мы оценили уровень окислительного стресса в головном мозге мышей BALB/c на ранних стадиях амилоидной токсичности и роль NOX2 в этих процессах. Анализ ключевых маркеров окислительного стресса в различных фракциях гомогената мозга на 4-е сутки после введения Aβ показал, что отдельные параметры демонстрировали лишь тенденцию к изменению, не достигая статистической значимости. Однако методом главных компонент (PCA) выявлено четкое разделение между группой, получавшей Aβ, и контрольной группой, что указывает на необходимость комплексного, а не изолированного анализа биохимических изменений на ранних этапах патологии. Примечательно, что центроиды групп в PCA располагались вдоль одной прямой, причем группа, получавшая Aβ вместе с ингибитором NOX2, занимала промежуточное положение между контрольной и Aβ-группой. Это свидетельствует о частичном подавлении окислительного стресса через NOX2. В то же время ингибитор NOX2 полностью предотвращал Aβ-индуцированный микроглиоз в гиппокампе, подтверждая, что использованная концентрация ингибитора была достаточной для подавления NOX2-зависимой активации микроглии. Полученные in vivo данные показывают, что окислительный стресс, вызванный введением Aβ, не полностью опосредуется NOX2, хотя этот механизм играет важную роль в инициации патологического процесса при болезни Альцгеймера.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Amyloid toxicity</kwd><kwd>beta amyloid</kwd><kwd>NADPH oxidase</kwd><kwd>ROS</kwd><kwd>GSK2795039</kwd><kwd>glutathione</kwd><kwd>peroxidized lipids</kwd><kwd>microglia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>амилоидная токсичность</kwd><kwd>бета-амилоид</kwd><kwd>NADPH-оксидаза</kwd><kwd>активные формы кислорода</kwd><kwd>GSK2795039</kwd><kwd>глутатион</kwd><kwd>перекисные липиды</kwd><kwd>микроглия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Госзадания № 075-00223-25-03 (модель амилоидной токсичности, иммуногистохимия) и при поддержке гранта РНФ № 19-74-30007 (биохимия, корреляционный анализ).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zilberter Y., Tabuena D.R., Zilberter M. 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