Vol 344, No 2 (2023)

The results of the analysis of the current state of the system of rehabilitation and habilitation of military personnel with amputation limb defects associated with injuries received during a special military operation are presented. Achieving the set goals and objectives for restoring the patient’s independence and active life, maintaining the serviceman in military service is the basis of the work of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team. An integrated approach to the rehabilitation and habilitation of disabled servicemen within the framework of healthcare of the Russian Armed Forces makes it possible to create the conditions for social adaptation and the maximum possible integration into all spheres of society, as well as to improve their quality of life.

The article is devoted to evaluating the effectiveness of diagnostic methods for objectifying the results of treatment of patients with pathology of the vocal apparatus - endovideolaryngoscopy, stroboscopy in combination with an acoustic voice analyzer, the search for objective criteria for evaluating the results of restoring voice function. Sixty-nine military personnel were examined: 47 (68%, group 1) with organic dysphonia, who underwent surgical treatment; 22 (32%, group 2) needed conservative treatment. The study of the sonority of the voice during the military-medical examination was performed before and after treatment. The authors used criteria for computer acoustic analysis of the voice in the volume of Vospector, using the index of dysphonia (DSI). The LingWAVES Vospector system makes it possible to objectively diagnose and evaluate the effectiveness of the vocal apparatus treatment, and therefore it is advisable to use it as an additional method when conducting a military medical examination of military personnel with laryngeal pathology.

Tuberculoma of the lungs almost always proceeds with poor symptoms. A carefully collected anamnesis of the disease makes it possible to identify subjective sensations in patients that were the reason for their visit to the doctor and, possibly, signs of tuberculoma. With persistent questioning, such patients often recall that at some period of their lives they experienced a slight malaise that they did not focus on, periodic subfebrile temperature, fatigue, sweating, loss of appetite, weight loss, a slight dry cough or with scanty sputum. Using clinical examples, the demonstrate the manifestations of pulmonary tuberculoma and their diagnosis.

To develop a gradation of the significance and prevalence of echo structural changes in internal organs in male military personnel, during the medical examination, 233 people aged 51.7 ±7.16 years were examined, who underwent ultrasound examination of the hepatobiliary zone, spleen, kidneys, thyroid and prostate glands according to the generally accepted method. The subjects were divided into 3 age groups with a 10-year interval: 1st – up to 45 years (40.80±6.92, n=46), 2nd—46-55 (50.95±4.75, n=107), 3rd – 56 years and older (59.06±2.21, n=80). The obtained data were correlated with one of the 4 developed criteria: the 1st group – the norm, the 2nd – minor deviations that do not require a change in the frequency of observation (in general, 76.4–100% of observations depending on the organ). The control in dynamics with a reduced interval was the 3rd group (13.3–19.3% of observations). The 4th group included deviations that require a decision during detection (3–9% among changes in the liver, kidneys, gallbladder and thyroid gland). Thus, the high significance of the method in the primary detection of pathological changes in internal organs in military personnel during medical examination was determined.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is often associated with several independent pathological conditions – myocardial infarction, hypertension, cerebral stroke, etc., accompanied by excessive drowsiness – the cause of falling asleep at the wheel. 122 men (mean age 37.3±7.1 years) were examined, depending on the severity of the syndrome, divided into 3 groups: group 1 (n=31, mild degree), group 2 (n=31, moderate degree), group 3 (n=30, severe). The control group comprised 30 people. The total number of life-threatening situations in the group with moderate and severe syndrome was 2 times more than in people with mild sleep apnea, and 5.5 times more than in healthy people. The probability of becoming a participant in an accident in groups with clinically expressed obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (groups 2, 3) is 6 times higher than in the control group. The inclusion of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the regulatory legal acts on military medical expertise will improve the quality of selection for individual military specialties.

The results of the development of modern approaches to the rationing of medicines for the provision of medical care and treatment of children in military sanatorium-and-spa organizations are presented. The increase in the number of military health resorts providing sanatorium treatment for children required the development of new norms for the supply of medicines to ensure appropriate medical measures. A brief description of the developed norms for the supply of medicines is given, their features and the procedure for using them to determine the need for them by military sanatorium-resort organizations are disclosed. The results of the study formed the basis of the new order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 438 dated July 28, 2022, which ensures that the ongoing activities for the sanatorium treatment of children comply with the standards and procedures for medical care.

To protect state interests and prevent nuclear aggression 75 years ago, the leadership of the USSR took steps to create a reliable nuclear shield. Since the founding of the 12th Main Directorate of the Ministry of Defense, the major activity of its medical service has been maintaining the health and maintaining the professional performance of the personnel of formations and military units. During this time, the most important tasks of medical support for nuclear tests, elimination of the consequences of radiation emergencies, and redeployment of nuclear weapons have been solved. A system for protecting health and maintaining the reliability of military specialists unique in their training profile and skill level has been created and implemented.

In 2022, 20 years have passed since the creation of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO). During the existence of the organization, an effective system of collective security has been formed and is successfully functioning, capable of promptly and adequately responding to a wide range of modern challenges and threats to collective security. One of the priority areas of cooperation between the member states of the organization is the improvement of the system of material, technical and medical support for the components of the Troops (Collective Forces) of the CSTO. The Main Military Medical Directorate of the Russian Defense Ministry closely cooperates with the medical services of the armed forces of the member states of the organization. To summarize information and exchange experience on the issues of medical support for the armed forces, modern methods of medical support and new directions in the development of military medicine, the International Scientific and Practical Conference of the Medical Services of the Armed Forces of the member states of the organization is held once every two years.