Petroleum ChemistryPetroleum ChemistryНефтехимия0028-24213034-5626The Russian Academy of Sciences65557210.31857/S0028242123060011RPNDMBArticlesСтатьиResearch ArticleGidrooblagorazhivanie lignotsellyuloznoy bionefti (obzor)Гидрооблагораживание лигноцеллюлозной бионефти (обзор)ZasypalovG. O.ЗасыпаловГ. О.gleb.zasypalov@mail.ruKlimovskiyV. A.КлимовскийВ. А.AbramovE. S.АбрамовЕ. С.BrindukovaE. E.БриндуковаЕ. Е.StytsenkoV. D.СтыценкоВ. Д.GlotovA. P.ГлотовА. П.Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (НИУ) имени И.М. ГубкинаКурский государственный аграрный университет им. И.И. Иванова15122023636NO6 (2023)№6 (2023)77580811022025Copyright ©; 2023, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2023, Российская академия наук2023Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://journals.eco-vector.com/0028-2421/article/view/655572

В обзоре рассмотрены последние достижения в области переработки лигноцеллюлозной биомассы путем проведения каталитической гидродеоксигенации. Лигноцеллюлозная биомасса - наиболее перспективное растительное сырье для производства жидких моторных топлив или получения индивидуальных мономеров нефтехимического производства. Переработка биомассы может быть реализована несколькими способами, среди которых пиролиз представляется наиболее эффективным. Бионефть, полученная в результате пиролиза биомассы, не может быть использована напрямую в качестве топлива ввиду неудовлетворительных эксплуатационных характеристик, вызванных присутствием кислородсодержащих соединений. Применение селективных катализаторов в процессе гидродеоксигенации позволяет снизить содержание кислорода в бионефти и улучшить ее эксплуатационные свойства. Перспективны бифункциональные каталитические системы, содержащие активные металлические центры и кислотный носитель. Активной фазой катализатора могут выступать благородные (Pt, Pd, Ru) и/или переходные (Ni, Co, Mo) металлы, а также сульфиды и фосфиды переходных металлов. В качестве носителей катализаторов гидродеоксигенации наибольшее применение нашли оксиды металлов (ZrO2, CeO2, Al2O3, TiO2), углерод, цеолиты (ZSM-5, Y, Beta, SAPO-11) и материалы из мезопористого оксида кремния (SBA-15, MCM-41) Однако, внедрение и масштабирование процесса гидродеоксигенации бионефти, полученной в результате пиролиза биомассы, ограничено ввиду быстрой дезактивации катализатора в присутствии воды, спекания активной фазы и выщелачивания кислотными компонентами бионефти. Ввиду этого, разработка катализаторов, характеризующихся высокой активностью и стабильностью в условиях гидродеоксигенации бионефти, - одна из наиболее актуальных задач современной нефтехимии.

В обзоре рассмотрены последние достижения в области переработки лигноцеллюлозной биомассы путем проведения каталитической гидродеоксигенации. Лигноцеллюлозная биомасса - наиболее перспективное растительное сырье для производства жидких моторных топлив или получения индивидуальных мономеров нефтехимического производства. Переработка биомассы может быть реализована несколькими способами, среди которых пиролиз представляется наиболее эффективным. Бионефть, полученная в результате пиролиза биомассы, не может быть использована напрямую в качестве топлива ввиду неудовлетворительных эксплуатационных характеристик, вызванных присутствием кислородсодержащих соединений. Применение селективных катализаторов в процессе гидродеоксигенации позволяет снизить содержание кислорода в бионефти и улучшить ее эксплуатационные свойства. Перспективны бифункциональные каталитические системы, содержащие активные металлические центры и кислотный носитель. Активной фазой катализатора могут выступать благородные (Pt, Pd, Ru) и/или переходные (Ni, Co, Mo) металлы, а также сульфиды и фосфиды переходных металлов. В качестве носителей катализаторов гидродеоксигенации наибольшее применение нашли оксиды металлов (ZrO2, CeO2, Al2O3, TiO2), углерод, цеолиты (ZSM-5, Y, Beta, SAPO-11) и материалы из мезопористого оксида кремния (SBA-15, MCM-41) Однако, внедрение и масштабирование процесса гидродеоксигенации бионефти, полученной в результате пиролиза биомассы, ограничено ввиду быстрой дезактивации катализатора в присутствии воды, спекания активной фазы и выщелачивания кислотными компонентами бионефти. Ввиду этого, разработка катализаторов, характеризующихся высокой активностью и стабильностью в условиях гидродеоксигенации бионефти, - одна из наиболее актуальных задач современной нефтехимии.

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