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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Paleontological Journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Paleontological Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Палеонтологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0031-031X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5871</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">684741</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0031031X24050124</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">QUOTIK</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Oldest Finds of the Genera <italic>Melanitta, Marmaronetta</italic> and Other Ducks (Aves: Anatidae) in the Lower Pleistocene of the Crimea</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Древнейшие находки родов Melanitta, Marmaronetta и других уток (Aves: Anatidae) в нижнем плейстоцене Крыма</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelenkov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеленков</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nzelen@paleo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Палеонтологический институт им. А.А. Борисяка РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><issue>5</issue><fpage>114</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-16"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0031-031X/article/view/684741">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0031-031X/article/view/684741</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Materials on ducks from the Lower Pleistocene (about 1.8 million years ago) Taurida cave in the Crimea are represented by forms new to the site: <italic>Melanitta kirbori</italic> sp. nov., <italic>Marmaronetta angustirostris</italic>, <italic>Spatula</italic> <italic>querquedula</italic>, <italic>Anas</italic> aff. <italic>A. acuta</italic> and <italic>Anas</italic> aff. <italic>A. platyrhynchos</italic>. In addition, new materials on the previously known taxa <italic>Spatula praeclypeata</italic> and <italic>Tadorna petrina</italic> are described. The assemblage of ducks from Taurida cave is the oldest representative fauna of Anatidae for the Early Pleistocene of Europe. Findings of the genera <italic>Melanitta</italic> and <italic>Marmaronetta</italic> are the oldest in the fossil record globally. Finds of ducks from the groups of mallards (<italic>Anas</italic> aff. <italic>A. platyrhynchos</italic>) and pintails (<italic>Anas</italic> aff. <italic>A. acuta</italic>) are the oldest for these lineages, marking the dispersal of the ancestors of modern Palearctic species from Africa to Eurasia. The evolutionary history of anatid taxa found in the cave is discussed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Материалы по утиным из нижнего плейстоцена (около 1.8 млн л. н.) пещеры Таврида в Крыму представлены новыми для местонахождения формами: Melanitta kirbori sp. nov., Marmaronetta angustirostris (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edouard_Menetries">Ménétriés</ext-link>, 1832), Spatula querquedula (L., 1758), Anas aff. A. acuta и Anas aff. A. platyrhynchos. Кроме того, описаны новые материалы по ранее известным таксонам Spatula praeclypeata Zelenkov, 2022 и Tadorna petrina Kurochkin, 1985. Ассоциация уток из Тавриды – древнейшая репрезентативная фауна Anatidae для раннего плейстоцена Европы. Находки родов Melanitta и Marmaronetta – древнейшие в палеонтологической летописи мира. Находки уток из групп крякв (Anas aff. A. platyrhynchos) и шилохвостей (Anas aff. A. acuta) – самые древние для этих филогенетических линий, маркирующие расселение предков современных палеарктических видов из Африки в Евразию. Обсуждается эволюционная история найденных таксонов утиных.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Anatidae</kwd><kwd>evolution</kwd><kwd>dispersal</kwd><kwd>early Pleistocene</kwd><kwd>Crimea</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Anatidae</kwd><kwd>эволюция</kwd><kwd>расселение</kwd><kwd>ранний плейстоцен</kwd><kwd>Крым</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22-14-00214</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Зеленков Н.В. 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