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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Priroda</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Priroda</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Природа</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0032-874X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Akademizdatcenter Nauka</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">627948</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S0032874X20100063</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Miniature Pigs РІР‚вЂќ Human Companions</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Карликовые свиньи—компаньоны человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bystrova</surname><given-names>N. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быстрова</surname><given-names>Н. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dogschoollv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем экологии и эволюции имени А.Н.Северцова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><issue>10</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO10 (2020)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№10 (2020)</issue-title><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-02"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Издательство «Наука»</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Издательство «Наука»</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0032-874X/article/view/627948">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0032-874X/article/view/627948</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The new breeds of miniature pigs have emerged due to the new direction of selection, associated not only with the requirements for the animal weightand height, but also, with its behavior. This article analyzes the behavioral characteristics of the species in general and those that developed in theprocess of domestication during the last 10 000 years provide a new system of interspecific relationship with humans. Based on a review of existingethological research on the abilities of typical companion animals (dog, cat, and horse), we state the requirements for pet behavior, which allows a person to perceive an animal as a family member. Although the experiments do not provide a complete picture, it is possible to identify such prerequisitesof pigs as successful mastering of skills like recognition of humans and their images. Difficulties in understanding human gestures are associated withthe anatomical features of a pigs head and face, however they are compensated by attention to persons spatial position and the preference of familiarpeople. The latter though creates an additional difficulty in the form of guarding the indoor place from strangers. The inevitable increasing selectionpressure on behavior is considered from the perspective of the destabilizing selection theory. Suggestions about the future changes in appearance, physiology, and behavior of miniature pigs are provided.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Выведение карликовых пород свиней в качестве домашних питомцев основано на новом направлении отбора, в котором меняются не только требования к весу и росту животного, но и к его поведению. В статье проанализированы видовые особенности поведения свиней и те, что были развиты в течение 10 тыс. лет их доместикации, в контексте новой системы их межвидовых взаимоотношений с человеком. На основе обзора это логических исследований типичных животных-компаньонов (собак, кошек, лошадей) сформулированы требования к поведению питомца, которое позволяет человеку воспринимать животное в качестве члена семьи. Эксперименты, хотя и не дают пока полной картины, позволяют выявить предрасположенность свиней к успешному освоению таких новых навыков, как распознавание людей и их изображений. Сложности в понимании жестовых сигналов хозяина связаны с анатомическими особенностями строения морды свиньи, но компенсируются вниманием к местоположению человека в пространстве и предпочтением знакомых людей, которое, правда, создает дополнительную трудность в виде охраны помещения от незнакомцев. Неизбежное усиливающееся давление отбора на поведение рассматривается с точки зрения теории дестабилизирующего отбора. Приводятся предположения о том, какие изменения во внешности, физиологии и поведении карликовых свиней можно ожидать в будущем.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>miniature pig</kwd><kwd>behavior</kwd><kwd>domestication</kwd><kwd>interspecific communication</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>карликовые свиньи</kwd><kwd>поведение</kwd><kwd>доместикация</kwd><kwd>межвидовая коммуникация</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Owens N., Grauerholz L. Interspecies parenting: how pet parents construct their roles. Humanity &amp; Society. 2019; 43(2): 96–119.DOI:10.1177/0160597617748166.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Larson G., Albarella U., Dobney K. et. al. Ancient DNA, pig domestication, and the spread of the Neolithic into Europe. PNAS. 2007;104(39): 15276–15281. 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