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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cell and Tissue Biology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cell and Tissue Biology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цитология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0041-3771</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6061</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">669597</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0041377124030085</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">PEBSAD</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">In vitro screening of potential echinochrome delivery systems for the treatment of eye diseases</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>In vitro скрининг потенциальных систем доставки эхинохрома для лечения заболеваний глаз</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexander-Sinklair</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александер-Синклер</surname><given-names>Э. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elga.aleks@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александрова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elga.aleks@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Darvish</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дарвиш</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elga.aleks@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Edomenko</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Едоменко</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elga.aleks@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbach</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбач</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elga.aleks@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yermak</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермак</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elga.aleks@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elga.aleks@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elga.aleks@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт цитологии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тихоокеанский институт биоорганической химии им. Г. Б. Елякова ДВО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-05-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>274</fpage><lpage>288</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-27"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0041-3771/article/view/669597">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0041-3771/article/view/669597</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An important task of topical application of medicines in the treatment of eyes is to achieve a compromise between their effectiveness and safety. The development of new multifunctional local ophthalmic drug delivery systems and in vitro screening of potential medicinal eye products are key areas in solving this problem. In this study, primary in vitro screening of the effect of echinochrome (Ech), the carrageenan complex of echinochrome (CRG/Ech) and its liposomal form (CRG/Ech-Lip) was performed on cultured epithelial cells of the outer shell of the eyeball: conjunctival epithelial cells (Chang Conjunctiva, Clone 1-5c-4) and corneal epithelium human (HCE). The cell viability was assessed by their morphology and metabolic activity using light microscopy and MTT test methods. The direct dependence of the intensity of the cytotoxic effect of Ech on its concentration in the nutrient medium, the form of use, the cellular test system and the incubation time of cells was revealed. Ech in the form of an alcoholic solution in its final concentration of 0.1 mg/ml of the nutrient medium exhibits pronounced cytoxicity against both cellular test systems. The same final concentration of Ech in the nutrient medium, but already as part of the carrageenan complex of echinochrome (CRG/Ech), turned out to be critical only for the viability of corneal epithelial cells, the survival rate of conjunctival cells under these conditions was about 50 %. A high biocompatibility of the liposomal form of the carrageenan complex of echinochrome (CRG/Ech-Lip) with cells of both test systems and a stimulating cytoprotective effect against the cells of the conjunctiva epithelium was revealed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Важной задачей местного применения лекарств для лечения глаз является достижение компромисса между их эффективностью и безопасностью. Разработка новых многофункциональных местных офтальмологических систем доставки лекарств и скрининг <italic>in vitro</italic> потенциальных лекарственных глазных средств являются ключевыми направлениями в решении этой задачи. В настоящем исследовании был проведен первичный <italic>in vitro</italic> скрининг влияния эхинохрома (Ech), комплекса каррагинана (CRG) и Ech и его липосомной формы (CRG/Ech-Lip) на культивируемые эпителиальные клетки наружной оболочки глазного яблока — клетки эпителия конъюнктивы (Chang Conjunctiva, Clone 1—5c-4) и эпителия роговицы человека (HCE). Оценивали жизнеспособность клеток по их морфологии и метаболической активности с использованием световой микроскопии и МТТ-теста. Выявлена прямая зависимость интенсивности проявления цитотоксического действия Ech относительно его концентрации в питательной среде, формы использования, клеточной тест-системы и времени воздействия Ech на клетки. Ech в форме спиртового раствора в питательной среде в конечной концентрации 0.1 мг/мл проявляет выраженную цитоксичность в отношении обеих клеточных тест-систем. Такая же концентрация Ech в питательной среде в составе комплекса CRG/Ech оказалась критичной только для жизнеспособности эпителиальных клеток роговицы, в то время как выживаемость клеток конъюнктивы в этом случае составляла около 50 %. Выявлена высокая биосовместимость липосомной формы каррагинанового комплекса эхинохрома CRG/Ech-Lip с клетками обеих тест-систем и стимулирующее цитопротекторное действие в отношении клеток эпителия коньюнктивы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>carrageenan</kwd><kwd>echinochrome</kwd><kwd>echinochrome carrageenan complex</kwd><kwd>liposomes</kwd><kwd>ophthalmic drug delivery systems</kwd><kwd>cytotoxicity</kwd><kwd>cell cultures</kwd><kwd>ocular surface epithelium</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>каррагинан</kwd><kwd>эхинохром</kwd><kwd>каррагинановый комплекс эхинохрома</kwd><kwd>липосомы</kwd><kwd>системы доставки офтальмологических препаратов</kwd><kwd>цитотоксичность</kwd><kwd>клеточные культуры</kwd><kwd>эпителий глазной поверхности</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РНФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">RSF</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>21-74-20019</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Александрова О. 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