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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cell and Tissue Biology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Cell and Tissue Biology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цитология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0041-3771</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6061</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">669616</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0041377124020085</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">RJUJHW</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A study of the relationship of the dynamics of development and characteristics of chimerism with manifestations of graft-vs.-host disease in the organs of mice after allogeneic transplantation of whole bone marrow</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследование связи динамики развития и характера химеризма с проявлениями РТПХ в органах мышей после аллогенной трансплантации цельного костного мозга</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanenko</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданенко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lenabogdval@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergievich</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Cеpгиевич</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lenabogdval@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karnaukhov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каpнауxов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lenabogdval@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karnaukhova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каpнауxова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lenabogdval@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lizunova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лизунова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>lenabogdval@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Cell Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биофизики клетки PАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>188</fpage><lpage>204</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-27"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0041-3771/article/view/669616">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0041-3771/article/view/669616</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the сlinical practice, allogeneiс bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is often cause of the graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). GvHD is explained by the fact that T-lymphocytes, which are administered simultaneously with hematopoietic cells during transplantation and after then formed and matured in the timus of the recipient from donor progenitor cells, recognize and attack the cells of the host. However, a complete explanation of the phenomenon of the GvHD does not exists, and the chimerization of the recipient’s organism as a possible cause of damage of its organs is not taken into account. Therefore, the aim of this work was the modeling of allogeneic transplantation of the whole bone marrow (BM, experiment) and comparing its results with syngeneic transplantation (control) basing on the investigation of engraftment of cells of donor origin in the main GvHD target organs. Bone marrow (BM) donors were Tg(ACTB-EGFP)1Osb/J mice carrying a green fluorescent protein gene (EGFP), recipients were the animal of CBA and C57BL/6 inbred strains with age 2–10 months. 1 day before BMT (1.5×10<sup>7</sup> cells per mouse) all recipients were irradiated at a dose of 6.5 Gy (LD 50/30). After 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 55 days the development of chimerism in the liver, skin and colon of animals was examined using a fluorescent microscope. Already in 1 day, single fibroblast-like donor cells were found in the colon, in 7 days – in the skin and liver. 14–28 days after BMT, with donor cells mainly stroma in the liver, in the skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes were formed, in the colon villous cells and also stromal and parenchymal cells of Peyer’s patches which were died off after irradiation were substituted. Unlike control, in the experimental groups GFP<sup>+</sup> giant fibroblasts about 30 mkm in length were found in the stroma of the liver, in the skin and in the colon; in the liver there was a lot of GFP<sup>+</sup>-bulkheads and fibroblast-like Ito’s cells of a very intricate configuration. To 35–55 days after allogeneic BMT cells of the donor origin in the liver and in the villi of the colon began to destroy, the villi became overgrown with GFP<sup>+</sup>-connective tissue cells and warped, wall of the colon became thin and the skin was fully substituted with a new one (all these things were never observed in the conrol groups). We propose a hypothesis that beside with GvHD traits like thinning of the colon wall and plenty of roundish GFP<sup>+</sup>-cells on inner surface of the skin, other signs of the studied after allogeneic BMT organs suggest that the cells of the organs which are formed from mesenchymal stem cells of the whole bone marrow become target for the recipient’s T-cells, i.e. suggest existence of host-versus-graft (HVG) reaction. Obvious manifestation of immune reactions after BMT directly coincides with the term of massive engraftment of the studied organs with cells of donor origin and restoration of the host’s own immune system, i.e. the development of chimerism determines the development of organ damage. This explains the events of GvHD from medical practice – atrophy of the mucous membranes, excess production of collagen, sclerosis of the bile ducts, skin damage, colitis – and the timing of its manifestation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В клинике аллогенная трансплантация костного мозга (ТКМ) часто вызывает реакцию “трансплантат против хозяина” (РТПХ). РТПХ объясняют тем, что Т-лимфоциты, которые вводятся одновременно с кроветворными клетками при трансплантации, а затем вновь образуются и созревают в тимусе реципиента из донорских клеток-предшественников, распознают и атакуют клетки хозяина. Однако полного объяснения феномена РТПХ не существует, а химеризация организма реципиента как возможная причина поражения его органов в расчет не принимается. Поэтому целью нашей работы было моделирование аллогенной трансплантации цельного костного мозга (КМ, эксперимент) и сравнение ее результатов с сингенной трансплантацией (контроль) на основе исследования заселения клетками донорского происхождения основных органов-мишеней РТПХ. Донорами КМ являлись мыши Tg(ACTB-EGFP)1Osb/J, несущие ген зеленого флуоресцентного белка (EGFP), реципиентами – животные инбредных линий CBA и С57Bl/6 в возрасте 2–10 мес. За 1 сут до ТКМ (1.5 · 10<sup>7</sup> кл./мышь) всех реципиентов облучали в дозе 6.5 Гр (LD 50/30). Через 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28, 35 и 55 сут с помощью флуоpеcцентного микpоcкопа исследовали развитие химеризма в печени, коже и прямой кишке животных. Уже через 1 сут отдельные фибробластоподобные донорские клетки встречали в прямой кишке, через 7 сут – в коже и печени. Через 14–28 сут после ТКМ донорские клетки формировали в печени в основном строму, в коже – фибробласты и кератиноциты, а в прямой кишке они замещали погибшие после облучения клетки ворсин, стромы и паренхимы Пейеровых бляшек. В отличие от контроля, в опыте в строме печени, в коже и в прямой кишке были найдены гигантские GFP<sup>+</sup>-фибробласты около 30 мкм в длину; в печени – множество GFP<sup>+</sup>-перемычек и фибробластоподобных клеток Ито очень сложной конфигурации. Через 35–55 сут после аллогенной ТКМ донорские клетки в печени и в ворсинах прямой кишки начинали разрушаться, ворсины обрастали слоями соединительнотканных GFP<sup>+</sup>-клеток и деформировались, стенка кишки истончалась, а кожа полностью заменялась на новую (чего никогда не наблюдали в контроле). Нами выдвинуто предположение, что наряду с признаками РТПХ (истончением стенки кишки и множеством округлых GFP<sup>+</sup>-клеток с внутренней стороны кожи) остальные признаки разрушения исследованных органов после аллогенной ТКМ говорят о том, что образовавшиеся из мезенхимных стволовых клеток цельного донорского КМ клетки органов становятся мишенью для Т-клеток реципиента, т.е. о реакции “хозяин против трансплантата” (РХПТ). Явное проявление иммунных реакций напрямую совпадает со временем массового заселения исследованных органов клетками донорского происхождения и восстановления собственной иммунной системы хозяина, т.е. развитие химеризма определяет развитие поражения органов. Это объясняет картину РТПХ из медицинской практики (атрофию слизистых, избыточную продукцию коллагена, склерозирование желчных протоков, повреждение кожи, колит) и сроки ее проявления.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>GvHD</kwd><kwd>HVG reaction</kwd><kwd>whole bone marrow</kwd><kwd>MSC</kwd><kwd>mice</kwd><kwd>GFP</kwd><kwd>fluorescence microscopy</kwd><kwd>allogeneic transplantation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>РТПХ</kwd><kwd>РХПТ</kwd><kwd>цельный костный мозг</kwd><kwd>МСК</kwd><kwd>мышь</kwd><kwd>GFP</kwd><kwd>флуоресцентная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>аллогенная трансплантация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Бландова З.К., Душкин В.А., Малашенко А.М., Шмидт Е.Ф. 1983. Линии лабораторных животных для медико-биологических исследований. М.: Наука. (Blandova Z.K., Dushkin V.A., Malashenko A.M., Shmidt Ye.F. 1983. 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