Actual problems of population reproduction in the Omsk region

Introduction. One of the national interests of the Russian Federation is the “conservation” of the population, the “development of human potential” by increasing fertility and “creating motivation to have many children.”The purpose of the study. A medical and social assessment of the reproduction of the population in the Omsk region based on the study of the conditions and lifestyle of families in modern conditions of family structure formation.Materials and methods. The data from Rosstat for the Omsk region from 2014 to 2023 were used, as well as survey materials for 1,307 women of the fertile age. Statistical processing was carried out using graphical analysis, calculation of extensive and intensive indicators, and analysis of variance.Results. According to the respondents, the most important reasons for planning the birth of a child were the desire to have one (54.7–57.5%) and the opportunity to strengthen the family (23.7–24.8%). The responses of surveyed women showed their reproductive attitudes in 2014 to correspond to the level of simple reproduction of the population (2.12–2.46 children), but in 2023 the planned and desired number of children (1.93–2.05) fell below the level required for generational replacement (2.15–2.20). Productive attitudes were found to form under the influence of such independent variables as: the number of children in the family (h2 = 16.8–21.9%); housing (h2 = 12.2–13.8%) and material (h2 = 10.1–13.1%) living conditions of families; marital status of the mother (h2 = 10.5–11.5%) and its age (h2 = 88.8–9.7%), the presence of abortions (h2 = 5.4–9.3%) in the anamnesis of the child’s mother.Limitations of the study. The study involved women of fertile age living in Omsk and the Omsk region.Conclusion. By 2024, unfavorable trends in the main indicators of population reproduction have formed in the Omsk region. The analysis of women’s reproductive attitudes revealed a persistent tendency towards a small family, which determines the urgent need for a transition from measures of primarily material support for families with children to the development of areas reflecting social policy.Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Protocol No. 4, §1 of November 18, 2021). All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.Contribution of the authors: The authors contributed equally to the article, including approval of the final version of the article.Funding. The study had no sponsorship.Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Received: June 21, 2024 / Revised: February 9, 2025 / Accepted: February 19, 2025 / Published: October 31, 2025

demographic situation, reproductive attitudes, family, number of children