Nº 7 (2024)

In order to reduce energy consumption for heating, ventilation and air conditioning, multi-functional and sun-protective glazing is installed in translucent faсades. In this case, the coefficient of transmittance of visible light and solar radiation is used in calculations of the coefficient of natural illumination of building premises and incoming solar radiation. These coefficients are determined at normal incidence of solar radiation on the glazing, according to normative documents. However, in real conditions, the angle of incidence is different from the normal angle of incidence. National and foreign research works on this issue have been carried out in laboratory conditions, while in fieldwork the effects related to the physical processes of interaction of radiation with sun-protective coatings may appear. At present, research is being carried out in NIISF RAASN to determine the empirical dependence of transmittance coefficients of glazing with special coatings on the angle of incidence of sunlight. This paper is part of this research and deals with the determination under in-situ conditions of the transmittance of solar radiation in the visible range by glazing with multifunctional and sun-protective coatings as a function of its orientation on the sides of light.

The territory of the Russian Federation can be divided into areas characterized by varying degrees of hail hazard. Most of them are occupied by territories with a low degree of hail hazard. The southern territories of Russia are located in an elevated hail fallout zone and are an important part of the country’s economy. Roofs and facades of buildings and structures also fall under the influence of hail, which leads them to an inoperable and emergency condition. Facade panels, light openings, roofing, drains, ventilation shafts, parapets fall under the blows of hail. GOST R 57414–2017 “Roofing and waterproofing flexible bitumen-containing and polymer materials (thermoplastic and elastomeric)” describes a method for determining resistance to impact of hail. In accordance with it, an installation for testing roofing materials was prepared. The work of a pneumatic device simulating hail, which will later be called a “HAIL CANNON”, has been studied.

In office premises, it is customary to place operators’ seats in cabins made of partitions of incomplete height. The device of the cabins ensures the confidentiality of communication between the client and the operator and improves speech intelligibility. At the same time, the presence of partitions of this type significantly affects the distribution of sound energy compared to its distribution in a room without partitions. In addition to the fact that partitions shield direct sound coming from neighboring workplaces, they also significantly affect the formation and distribution of reflected sound energy in the general space of the office space. For this reason, at the design stage of office premises with workplaces separated by partitions of incomplete height, it is necessary to make noise calculations taking into account the presence of partitions in them. For this purpose, the article proposes a calculation method that makes it possible to take into account the redistribution of reflected sound energy that occurs during the installation of partitions. The method has been tested experimentally and can be used in office premises belonging to flat-proportioned rooms.

Experimental studies were carried out to measure heat input into the premises of buildings with wooden envelops in the summer. Two types of wooden building envelopes were studied: solid wood (log frame) and a wall insulated with mineral wool based on a wooden frame with a ventilated facade made of metal siding. The structures differ in thermal inertia and the magnitude of thermal resistance. As a result of the research, it was established that in the summer, for a solid wood constraction, the maximums and minimums of the heat flux density into the room are shifted relative to the maximums and minimums of temperature fluctuations on the external surface for a time of about 6.5 hours. Maximum heating of the room occurs in the evening around 9–10 pm. The minimum air temperature is reached around 9–10 am. For a frame wall, the shift in the maximum and minimum heat flux density is about 2 hours, which is due to the much lower thermal inertia of such a structure. The measured daily fluctuations in inner air temperature are at the level of 2^оС, while for a room with a solid wood wall can reach 5^оС, which is associated with the higher heat-insulating properties of the frame wall. The characteristic values of the density of heat flows entering the premises were: 2.0 W/m² for a solid wood wall and -0.2 W/m² for a frame wall.