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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Журнал физической химии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-4537</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5537</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">685283</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0044453725020199</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DCWKVN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF SEPARATION PROCESSES. CHROMATOGRAPHY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ХИМИЯ ПРОЦЕССОВ РАЗДЕЛЕНИЯ. ХРОМАТОГРАФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Introduction of cationizing agents in soft ionization processes of short-chain peptides: laser desorption and electrospraying</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Введение катионирующих агентов в процессах мягкой ионизации короткоцепочечных пептидов: лазерная десорбция и электрораспыление</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>eskuznetsova8@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pytskii</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пыцкий</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>eskuznetsova8@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Buryak</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буряк</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>eskuznetsova8@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт физической химии и электрохимии им. А. Н. Фрумкина РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>324</fpage><lpage>330</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-19"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.eco-vector.com/0044-4537/article/view/685283">https://journals.eco-vector.com/0044-4537/article/view/685283</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A mass spectrometric study of ionization processes of short peptides of triglycine, alanylglutamine, and prolylleucine by electrospray ionization (ESI) and surface-activated laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) methods in the presence of copper sulfate crystalline hydrate is performed. It is shown that during ESI ionization, the presence of copper ions in the solution initiates the aggregation of peptide molecules with the formation of large associates of up to 7-8 peptide molecules. The influence of the nature of peptides on the nature of ionization processes is studied. At the same time, competitive cationization of peptide molecules by copper ions with the formation of an M+Cu+ ion occurs during ionization by SALDI method. Peptide fragmentation and copper cationization of decarboxylation products are also typical.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В работе проведено масс-спектрометрическое исследование процессов ионизации коротких пептидов триглицина, аланилглутамина и пролиллейцина методами ионизации в электроспрее (ЭРИ) и поверхностно-активированной лазерной десорбцией/ионизацией (ПАЛДИ) в присутствии кристаллогидрата сульфата меди. Показано, что при ионизации ЭРИ присутствие в растворе ионов меди инициирует агрегацию молекул пептидов с образованием крупных ассоциатов до 7–8 молекул пептида. Изучено влияние природы пептидов на характер процессов ионизации. В то же время, при ионизации методом ПАЛДИ происходит конкурентное катионирование молекул пептидов ионами меди с образованием иона M+Cu+. Также характерна фрагментация пептидов и катионирование медью продуктов декарбоксилирования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mass spectrometry</kwd><kwd>soft ionization methods</kwd><kwd>cluster formation</kwd><kwd>peptides</kwd><kwd>amino acids</kwd><kwd>cluster ion</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>масс-спектрометрия</kwd><kwd>мягкие методы ионизации</kwd><kwd>кластерообразование</kwd><kwd>пептиды</kwd><kwd>аминокислоты</kwd><kwd>кластерный ион</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-00244-25-00</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Budimir N., Blais J.-Cl., Fournier F., Tabet J.-Cl. // Rapid Commun. 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